{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:00:51Z","timestamp":1790308851559,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Taxation of alcohol is an important policy instrument to combat the ill\u2010effects of excessive alcohol consumption and raise revenues for governments. However, there is a need for studies exploring the demand price elasticity of different alcohols in Indian contexts amid changes in consumption habits, taxes and structure of the alcohol market. This paper examines the price and cross\u2010price elasticity of demand for beer and foreign liquor in India using the latest surveys.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Household Consumption Expenditure Surveys of 2022\u20132023 to 2023\u20132024 is used to estimate the elasticity. Unit values based on Deaton's approach that leverages the geographic variation in unit values are utilised. Beer and foreign liquor were analysed jointly, with country liquor treated as a potential substitute.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The price elasticity of beer and foreign liquor is found to be statistically significant and inelastic. Own\u2010price elasticity is recorded to be around \u22120.27 and \u22120.25 in 2022\u20132023 and around \u22120.18 and \u22120.17 in 2023\u20132024. Income elasticity is positive and increased from 0.42 to 0.63 in 2022\u20132023 to 0.55\u20130.80 in 2023\u20132024. Significant cross\u2010price effects between foreign liquor and country liquor exist in 2022\u20132023; however, they became weaker and largely insignificant in 2023\u20132024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The above results show that the demand for alcoholic beverages in India is inelastic. Thus, the excise duties can be used by governments as instruments for increasing revenues and decreasing demand. The weakening of cross\u2010price effects over time suggests reduced substitution between country liquor and higher\u2010taxed alcoholic beverages.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:17:56Z","timestamp":1787753876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Price Elasticity of Demand for Alcoholic Beverages in India: Analysis Based on the\n NSSO<\/scp>\n 's Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2022\u20132023 and 2023\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5500-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Management Technology Ghaziabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sacchidananda","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Finance and Policy New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Alcohol: Its Health and Social Impact in India","volume":"19","author":"Das S. K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"National Medical Journal of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"S.BadolaandS.Mukherjee \u201cBeyond Necessities: A Closer Look at India's Expenditure on Tobacco and Alcoholic Beverages During the Last Decade \u201dNIPFP Working Paper No. ZZZ (July 2025) NIPFP 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckac130.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106223"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"5204","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of State Alcohol Taxation Policies in India","volume":"5","author":"Triveni T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3878(88)90012-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agx001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.03.25.22272940"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJWBR-12-2023-0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294392"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"Quality, Quantity, and Spatial Variation of Price","volume":"78","author":"Deaton A.","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020432"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.70243","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dar.70243","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.70243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:34:38Z","timestamp":1790307278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.70243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.70243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.70243","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70243"}}