{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:20:09Z","timestamp":1791566409967,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Deutsche Derma Gesell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anaphylaxis is characterized by the sudden onset of acute allergic symptoms involving two or more organ systems. An acute allergic emergency is a challenge for physicians due to its life\u2010threatening potential. The incidence of anaphylactic reactions has increased in recent years. Most frequent elicitors of mast cell and primarily histamine dependent anaphylactic reactions are food, insect venom or drugs. Allergic \u00adreactions are graded into four groups according to the classification by Ring and Messmer; grade I is defined by the onset of cutaneous symptoms only whereas grade IV is characterized by cardiovascular shock as well as cardiac and\/or respiratory arrest.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The treatment of allergic reactions should be guided by the severity of the reaction. Initially an intramuscular epinephrine injection into the lateral thigh should be given if cutaneous, mucosal and cardiovascular\/respiratory symptoms occur. Additionally, the patient should receive intravenous antihistamines and corticosteroids. For self\u2010treatment in the case of an allergic emergency, oral antihistamines and corticosteroids should be prescribed to the patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T12:28:58Z","timestamp":1395923338000},"page":"379-388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The allergic emergency \u2013 management of severe allergic reactions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Werner\u2010Busse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Center Charit\u00e9 Department of Dermatology, Venerology and \u00adAllergology at the Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Central Campus  Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Zuberbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Center Charit\u00e9 Department of Dermatology, Venerology and \u00adAllergology at the Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Central Campus  Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margitta","family":"Worm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Center Charit\u00e9 Department of Dermatology, Venerology and \u00adAllergology at the Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Central Campus  Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Charles Robert Richet and some milestones in the history of \u00adallergies","volume":"1","author":"Mazana J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.12.981"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-012-2449-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)91953-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2012.08045_suppl.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02795.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","first-page":"in press","article-title":"Anaphylaxis: Guidelines from the European \u00adAcademy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"23","author":"Muraro A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergo J Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/0470861193.ch10","article-title":"Fatal anaphylaxis in the UK, 1992\u20132001","volume":"257","author":"Pumphrey RS.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Novartis Found Symp"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-011-2299-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03370517"}],"container-title":["JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fddg.12309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ddg.12309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T19:56:27Z","timestamp":1696362987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ddg.12309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ddg.12309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.12309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1610-0379","1610-0387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1610-0379","type":"print"},{"value":"1610-0387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]]}}}