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Other relevant cofactors and comorbidities are subject to controversial debate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>DRG (diagnosis\u2010related groups) data of all inpatients with a coded primary or secondary diagnosis of NL treated at German hospitals in 2012 were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data of 262 inpatient cases with the primary or secondary diagnosis of NL were analyzed. Women (63.4\u00a0%; n\u00a0 = \u00a0166) were nearly twice as frequently affected as men (36.2\u00a0%; n\u00a0 = \u00a096). Most NL patients (14.8\u00a0%) were in the age group between 50 and 55 years. Among comorbidities included in the metabolic syndrome complex, diabetes mellitus was the most common (34.4\u00a0%; IDDM 20.6\u00a0%, NIDDM 13.8\u00a0%), while essential hypertension was observed in 9.2\u00a0%, obesity in 4.6\u00a0%, chronic heart failure in 4.1\u00a0%, and dyslipidemias in 2.3\u00a0% of cases. Leg ulcers were diagnosed in 7.3\u00a0% of individuals; other venous disorders, in 5.7\u00a0%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data analysis describes one of the largest compilations of patient cases with the diagnosis of NL worldwide. Besides the well\u2010known association with diabetes mellitus, there are numerous other potentially relevant cofactors and comorbidities that should be considered in the diagnosis and management of NL patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T06:29:30Z","timestamp":1457936970000},"page":"277-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cofactors and comorbidities of necrobiosis lipoidica: analysis of the German DRG data from 2012"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Finja","family":"Jockenh\u00f6fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Kr\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of of Angiology Helios Hospital  Krefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Klode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Erlangen  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Erfurt\u2010Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Erlangen  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Dissemond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Eigent\u00fcmlich disseminierte Degeneration des Bindegewebes der Haut bei einem Diabetiker","volume":"32","author":"Oppenheim M","year":"1929","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02069897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80961-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2010.07535.x","article-title":"Etiology of chronic leg ulcers in 31 619 patients in Germany analyzed by an expert survey","volume":"9","author":"K\u00f6rber A","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12397","article-title":"Painful erythematous plaque with vesicles and pustules","volume":"12","author":"Cosgarea I","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600250007001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Richiere intorno alla patogenesi della necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum","volume":"74","author":"Balbi E","year":"1933","journal-title":"G Ital Dermat Sif"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Necrobiosis lipoidica","volume":"28","author":"Goldsmith WN","year":"1935","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03549.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600210008002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2012.1839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2007.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/IMAS.4.2012.4.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.98023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1960.01580050133020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"581","article-title":"Cutaneous microcirculation in pretibial necrobiosis lipoidica. 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