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The cardinal symptom of myositis in DM is symmetrical proximal muscle weakness. Elevated creatine kinase, CRP or ESR as well as electromyography and muscle biopsy also provide important diagnostic clues. Pharyngeal, respiratory, cardiac, and neck muscles may also be affected. Given that approximately 30\u00a0% of patients also develop interstitial lung disease, pulmonary function tests should be part of the diagnostic workup. Although the cutaneous manifestations in DM are variable, taken together, they represent a characteristic and crucial diagnostic criterion for DM. Approximately 5\u201320\u00a0% of individuals exhibit typical skin lesions without any clinically manifest muscle involvement (amyopathic DM). About 30\u00a0% of adult DM cases are associated with a malignancy. This fact, however, should not delay the treatment of severe myositis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Corticosteroids are the therapy of choice in myositis (1\u20132\u00a0mg\/kg). Additional immunosuppressive therapy is frequently required (azathioprine, for children methotrexate). In case of insufficient therapeutic response, the use of intravenous immunoglobulins is justified. The benefit of rituximab has not been conclusively ascertained yet. Acute therapeutic management is usually followed by low\u2010dose maintenance therapy for one to three years. Skin lesions do not always respond sufficiently to myositis therapy. Effective treatment for such cases consists of topical corticosteroids and sometimes also calcineurin inhibitors. Systemic therapies shown to be effective include antimalarial agents (also in combination), methotrexate, and corticosteroids. Intravenous immunoglobulins or rituximab may also be helpful. UV protection is an important prophylactic measure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T06:29:30Z","timestamp":1457936970000},"page":"321-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Guidelines on dermatomyositis \u2013 excerpt from the interdisciplinary S2k guidelines on myositis syndromes by the German Society of Neurology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Cord","family":"Sunderk\u00f6tter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, and Department of Translational Dermatoinfectiology Medical Faculty of the University of M\u00fcnster and University Hospital  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Nast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evidence\u2010based Medicine (dEBM), Department of Dermatology 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