{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:10:14Z","timestamp":1790435414721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Deutsche Derma Gesell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Though scientifically undisputed, cutaneous syncarcinogenesis is not reflected in German occupational disease (OD) regulations, which tend to be guided by the tenet of monocausality. Recognition of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and its precursor lesions as OD requires individual assessment as to whether the requirements pursuant to either OD 5103 (occupational exposure to natural UV radiation) or OD 5102 (occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are fulfilled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of 28 patients (median age 72.5\u00a0years) with NMSC and respective precursor lesions who had been occupationally exposed to natural UV radiation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. All cases had undergone expert medical assessment between September 2012 and September 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to our assessments, all 28 cases met the occupational requirements pursuant to OD 5103 and 5102. In 26 cases (93\u00a0%), we recommended recognition of skin cancer as occupational disease pursuant to both OD 5103 and OD 5102. The competent occupational insurance association (BG) followed our recommendation in four cases. In eight cases, recognition was solely based on OD 5103; in ten cases, only on OD\u00a05102. Four cases were denied recognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following adequate cumulative occupational exposure to natural UV light as well as occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, NMSC or its precursor lesions arising in UV\u2010exposed areas should be reported to the competent occupational insurance association as \u201cOD 5103 and 5102 in terms of syncarcinogenesis\u201d. Apart from the fact that the ensuing recognition proceedings will be able to more adequately reflect real\u2010life workplace conditions, filing a report pursuant to both ODs also allows for recognition of basal cell carcinoma as occupational disease. According to current regulations, this would not be possible, if the assessment were solely based on OD 5103.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T12:08:18Z","timestamp":1480334898000},"page":"1284-1296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Occupational syncarcinogenesis in the skin \u2013 combined effects of two carcinogens from the German occupational disease list"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Dickel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, St. Josef's Hospital Medical Center of the Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Blome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IAEBK  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Dickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Practice Peter Wenzel  MD Hattingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bruckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics (IMBI) University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eggert","family":"Stockfleth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, St. Josef's Hospital Medical Center of the Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silas Paras","family":"Soemantri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, St. Josef's Hospital Medical Center of the Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Synkanzerogenese \u2013 Wechselwirkungen zwischen krebserzeugenden Noxen am Arbeitsplatz. Kommuniqu\u00e9 der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM)","volume":"54","author":"Hallier E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zbl Arbeitsmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Arbeitsunfall und Berufskrankheit \u2013 Rechtliche und Medizinische Grundlagen f\u00fcr Gutachter, Sozialverwaltung, Berater und Gerichte, 8","author":"Sch\u00f6nberger A","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12056","article-title":"Syncancerogenesis in occupational dermatology","volume":"11","author":"Dickel H","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12301","article-title":"Missed occupational disease due to tar (BK 5102) in a roofer \u2013 syncancerogenesis with UV\u2010light","volume":"12","author":"Peckruhn M","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV): BK\u2010Report 2\/2013","author":"Auras S","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408447309025703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12537254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12903"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Sozialordnung. Merkblatt zur BK Nr. 5102 \u201eHautkrebs oder zur Krebsbildung neigende Hautver\u00e4nderungen durch Ru\u00df Rohparaffin Teer Anthrazen Pech oder \u00e4hnliche Stoffe\u201c (Bek. des BMA vom 18.2.1963). BArbBl 1963; Fachteil Arbeitsschutz: 25."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"LetzelS LetzelH Bl\u00fcmnerEet\u00a0al. Forschungsbericht Teerhauterkrankung: Haut\u2010 Bronchial\u2010 Kehlkopf\u2010 und Harnwegskarzinommorbidit\u00e4t bei Patienten mit berufsbedingter Teerhauterkrankung druckhaus neue presse coburg Sankt Augustin 1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/DBX00215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12356","article-title":"Occupational skin cancer due to UV\u2010irradiation \u2013 analyses of notified cases as \u201cvirtually\u2010certain\u201d occupational disease in Germany between 2005 and 2011","volume":"12","author":"Schmitt J","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"Bundesanzeiger Verlag. Dritte Verordnung zur \u00c4nderung der Berufskrankheiten\u2010Verordnung vom 22. Dezember 2014. BGBl ausgegeben zu Bonn am 29. Dezember 2014; Teil I Nr. 62: 2397."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"671","article-title":"Bek. vom 1.7.2013 \u2013 IVa 4\u201045222\u2010Hautkrebs durch UV\u2010Licht: Berufskrankheiten\u2010Verordnung \u2013 Empfehlung des \u00c4rztlichen Sachverst\u00e4ndigenbeirats \u201eBerufskrankheiten\u201c \u2013 \u201ePlattenepithelkarzinome oder multiple aktinische Keratosen der Haut durch nat\u00fcrliche UV\u2010Strahlung\u201c","volume":"64","author":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziales","year":"2013","journal-title":"GMBl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12537","article-title":"Skin cancer induced by natural UV\u2010irradiation as an occupational disease \u2013 Requirements for its notification and recognition","volume":"12","author":"Diepgen TL","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG). BK\u2010Report 2\/2006 \u2013 Synkanzerogenese (Teil 2; Workshop der DGAUM am 25. und 26. Februar 2004 in Berlin). 1. Auflage Plump OHG Rheinbreitbach 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"474","article-title":"Wissenschaftliche Begr\u00fcndung zur Berufskrankheit Nummer 4114 \u201eLungenkrebs durch das Zusammenwirken von Asbestfaserstaub und polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen bei Nachweis der Einwirkung einer kumulativen Dosis, die einer Verursachungswahrscheinlichkeit von mindestens 50 Prozent nach der Anlage 2 entspricht\u201c (Bek. des BMAS vom 1.2.2007 \u2013 IV a 4\u201045222)","volume":"23","author":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziales","year":"2007","journal-title":"GMBl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Merkblatt zur Berufskrankheit Nummer 4114 \u201eLungenkrebs durch das Zusammenwirken von Asbestfaserstaub und polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen bei Nachweis der Einwirkung einer kumulativen Dosis, die einer Verursachungswahrscheinlichkeit von mindestens 50 Prozent nach der Anlage 2 entspricht\u201c (Bek. des BMAS vom 30.12.2009 \u2013 IVa 4\u201045222\u20104114)","author":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziales","year":"2010","journal-title":"GMBl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Anerkennung von Berufskrankheiten: Wege zu mehr Einzelfallgerechtigkeit im Recht der Berufskrankheiten","volume":"62","author":"Spellbrink W","year":"2013","journal-title":"SoSi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"SzliskaC BrandenburgS JohnSM. Berufsdermatosen. Pr\u00e4vention \u2013 Exposition \u2013 Begutachtung \u2013 Rehabilitation \u2013 Therapie 2. Auflage Dustri\u2010Verlag M\u00fcnchen\u2010Deisenhofen 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"WittlichM.Technische Information zur Ermittlung in Berufskrankheiten(BK\u2010)f\u00e4llen vor dem Hintergrund der neuen Berufskrankheit mit der BK\u2010Nr. 5103 \u201ePlattenepithelkarzinome oder multiple aktinische Keratosen der Haut durch nat\u00fcrliche UV\u2010Strahlung\u201c. In: Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA). Information BK\u2010F\u00e4lle BK\u2010Nr. 5103 (09.2015). Sankt Augustin:2015:1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/DBP57003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"715","article-title":"The relationship between occupational sun exposure and non\u2010melanoma skin cancer \u2013 clinical basics, epidemiology, occupational disease evaluation, and prevention","volume":"109","author":"Fartasch M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Merkblatt zur BK Nr. 4104 \u201eLungenkrebs oder Kehlkopfkrebs in Verbindung mit Asbeststaublungenerkrankung (Asbestose), in Verbindung mit durch Asbeststaub verursachten Erkrankungen der Pleura oder bei Nachweis der Einwirkung einer kumulativen Asbestfaserstaub\u2010Dosis am Arbeitsplatz von mindestens 25 Faserjahren (25 x 106 [(Fasern\/m3) x Jahre])\u201c (Bek. des BMA v. 1.12.1997)","author":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziales","year":"1997","journal-title":"BArbBl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"105ff","article-title":"Merkblatt zur BK Nr. 4113 \u201eLungenkrebs durch polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe bei Nachweis der Einwirkung einer kumulativen Dosis von 100 Benzo[a]pyren\u2010Jahren [(Mikrogramm\/m\u00b3) x Jahre]\u201c (Bek. des BMAS vom 30.12.2009 \u2013 IVa 4\u201045222\u20104113)","author":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziales","year":"2010","journal-title":"GMBl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","volume-title":"Principles and Methods of Toxicology, 4","author":"Hayes AW","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"A4624","article-title":"Occupational skin cancer may be underreported","volume":"60","author":"Car\u00f8e TK","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Teer\u2010induzierte Pr\u00e4kanzerosen und Malignome der Haut bei Besch\u00e4ftigten einer Teer\u2010Raffinerie","volume":"40","author":"Letzel S","year":"1992","journal-title":"Derm Beruf Umwelt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: List of classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans Volumes 1 to 113 URLhttp:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/ENG\/Classification\/index.php(Last update: 25 June 2015) 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1959.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG): BK\u2010Report 2\/2006 \u2013 Synkanzerogenese (Teil 2; Workshop der DGAUM am 25. und 26. Februar 2004 in Berlin). 1. Auflage","author":"Letzel S","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Ultra\u2010violet light and skin cancer","volume":"212","author":"Findlay GM","year":"1928","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12524446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2003)0770413TCOBAU2.0.CO2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(03)00018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Teer und andere pyrolyseprodukte aus organischem Material","volume":"66","author":"Technische Regeln f\u00fcr Gefahrstoffe (TRGS) 551","year":"2015","journal-title":"GMBl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Das Pechhaut\u2010Leiden: Grundfragen und Probleme","volume":"42","author":"Ippen H","year":"1994","journal-title":"Derm Beruf Umwelt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Ozonabnahme und Hautkrebs: Versuch einer Risikoabsch\u00e4tzung","volume":"44","author":"Schaart FM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","unstructured":"ButzM. Dokumentation des Berufskrankheiten\u2010Geschehens in Deutschland \u2013 BK\u2010DOK: Beruflich verursachte Krebserkrankungen \u2013 Eine Darstellung der im Zeitraum 1978 bis 2010 anerkannten Berufskrankheiten 10. Auflage DCM \u2013 Druck Center Meckenheim Berlin 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","unstructured":"Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG). BK\u2010Report 2\/2006 \u2013 Synkanzerogenese \u2013 insbesondere Asbeststaub und PAK (Teil 1; Fachgespr\u00e4ch des HVBG und der DGAUM am 25. und 26. November 2005 in Hennef) 1. Auflage Plump OHG Rheinbreitbach 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"818","article-title":"Gef\u00e4hrdung durch Hautkontakt \u2013 Ermittlung, Beurteilung, Ma\u00dfnahmen","volume":"59","author":"Technische Regeln f\u00fcr Gefahrstoffe (TRGS) 401","year":"2008","journal-title":"GMBl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0155-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12690","article-title":"Incidence trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany from 1998 to 2010","volume":"13","author":"Rudolph C","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","first-page":"543","article-title":"Der \u00c4rztliche Sachverst\u00e4ndigenbeirat \u201eBerufskrankheiten\u201c","volume":"50","author":"Hallier E","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Umweltmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","unstructured":"Landessozialgericht Nordrhein\u2010Westfalen. Urteil vom 07.07.2004. Az.: L 17 U 269\/00."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","unstructured":"Bundessozialgericht. Urteil vom 04.06.2002. Az.: B 2 U 16\/01 R."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-015-3587-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10425.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480240067036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70525-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000366525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12818","article-title":"Occupational skin cancer caused by natural UV light \u2013 essential causation by occupational versus nonoccupational exposure","volume":"13","author":"Peckruhn M","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-9941-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","first-page":"A2314","article-title":"Phototoxische Reaktionen der Haut durch Medikamente","volume":"102","author":"Schauder S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl"}],"container-title":["JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fddg.13003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fddg.13003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ddg.13003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T21:30:06Z","timestamp":1696282206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ddg.13003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ddg.13003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.13003","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1610-0379","1610-0387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1610-0379","type":"print"},{"value":"1610-0387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]}}}