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BAIDs k\u00f6nnen in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: Pemphigus\u2010Erkrankungen, die durch intraepidermale Blasenbildung und Autoantik\u00f6rper gegen desmosomale Proteine wie Desmoglein (Dsg)\u00a01, Dsg3 und Mitglieder der Plakin\u2010Familie charakterisiert sind, sowie subepidermale BAIDs, die Pemphigoid\u2010Erkrankungen und die Dermatitis herpetiformis umfassen. Bei der Dermatitis herpetiformis greifen die Autoantik\u00f6rper die Transglutaminasen\u00a02 und 3 an, w\u00e4hrend sie bei Pemphigoid\u2010Erkrankungen gegen Strukturproteine der dermoepidermalen Junktionszone gerichtet sind. Die Analyse einer peril\u00e4sionalen Biopsie mittels direkter Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie (IF\u2010Mikroskopie) stellt zwar nach wie vor den diagnostischen Goldstandard dar, mittlerweile sind jedoch verschiedene Tests allgemein verf\u00fcgbar, die eine serologische Diagnosefindung f\u00fcr den Gro\u00dfteil der Patienten erm\u00f6glichen. Zur serologischen Standarddiagnostik geh\u00f6rt die indirekte IF auf Affen\u00f6sophagus und NaCl\u2010separierter Spalthaut. Die Spezifit\u00e4t der Autoantik\u00f6rper kann mit ELISA\u2010Systemen, die auf rekombinanten Formen der immundominanten Regionen der Zielantigene basieren, sowie indirekter IF\u2010Mikroskopie anhand multivarianter Tests mit mehreren multivariate n\u00e4her charakterisiert werden. Diese serologischen Tests werden durch verschiedene hauseigene Immunoblotting\u2010 und ELISA\u2010Systeme erg\u00e4nzt, die nur in spezialisierten Laboratorien verf\u00fcgbar sind. 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