{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T05:46:48Z","timestamp":1751953608852},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Deutsche Derma Gesell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Granulomatous dermatoses comprise a wide range of etiologically and clinically distinct skin diseases that share a common histology characterized by the accumulation of histiocytes include macrophages.<\/jats:p><jats:p>While the pathogenesis of these disorders is not fully understood, the underlying mechanism is thought to involve a reaction pattern caused by an immunogenic stimulus. Antigen\u2010presenting cells and the effect of various cytokines play a key role. Our understanding of granulomatous reaction patterns has been advanced by insights drawn from observations of such reactions in patients on immunomodulatory therapy and in individuals with genetic immunodeficiency.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Traditionally, a distinction is made between infectious and non\u2010infectious granulomatous dermatoses. The present CME article addresses granulomatous skin diseases for which there is no evidence of a causative infectious agent. Common representatives include granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica and cutaneous sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Granulomatous dermatoses may be part of the clinical spectrum of various systemic disorders or may be associated therewith. Some neoplastic disorders may mimic granulomatous dermatoses histologically.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Given the pathogenetic diversity involved, the clinical presentation, too, is quite varied. Overall, however, each disorder is characterized by typical clinical features. The diagnosis always requires thorough clinicopathologic correlation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Treatment is preferably based on the underlying pathogenesis and frequently involves anti\u2010inflammatory agents. In most cases, however, there is insufficient study data. The dermal nature of these disorders frequently poses a therapeutic challenge, especially with respect to topical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T09:59:24Z","timestamp":1558519164000},"page":"518-533","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Non\u2010infectious granulomatous dermatoses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DermatoHistologisches Labor Dr. Laaff  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Volz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Basel University Hospital  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12610","article-title":"Histologic features of granulomatous skin diseases. 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