{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:29:32Z","timestamp":1780550972699,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Deutsche Derma Gesell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) tacrolimus and pimecrolimus have been used widely as corticosteroid\u2010sparing agents in treating various cutaneous diseases. However, the association between TCIs and risk of malignancy remains controversial. By systematic review and meta\u2010analysis, we aimed to investigate the association between TCIs and lymphoma. Eligible studies in online databases were identified from the date of inception to August 30, 2020. To assess the outcome of TCI\u2010related risk of lymphoma, analysis of cohort studies comparing the incidence of lymphoma with and without treatment with TCIs was performed. Furthermore, the subgroup analyses of Hodgkin lymphoma and non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma were also conducted. The pooled results revealed that using topical tacrolimus (RR 1.68, 95\u00a0% CI 1.39\u20132.04) or pimecrolimus (RR 1.40, 95\u00a0% CI 1.13\u20131.74) significantly increased the risk of lymphoma. TCI users also showed higher incidence of lymphoma in the range of 0.02\u20130.09\u00a0%, compared to that of 0.02\u20130.06\u00a0% in the control group. Additionally, subgroup analyses showed both tacrolimus (RR 1.89; 95\u00a0% CI 1.53\u20132.32) and pimecrolimus (RR 1.38; 95\u00a0% CI 1.09\u20131.74) had significantly higher risk of non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma, but no increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma. In conclusion, TCI\u2010exposed patients have a significantly increased risk of lymphoma, especially non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T05:14:42Z","timestamp":1628918082000},"page":"1265-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Topical calcineurin inhibitors and risk of lymphoma: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Po\u2010Chien","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u2010Hsin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che\u2010Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of orthopedics Cathay General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Research center of big data and meta\u2010analysis Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Black box warning for topical calcineurin inhibitors and the death of common sense","volume":"12","author":"Fleischer AB","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.02.1116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S146442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2016.1163317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"OCEBM Table of Evidence Working Group Howick J Chalmers I (James Lind Library) Glasziou P et al. 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