{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:58:22Z","timestamp":1789095502328,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Deutsche Derma Gesell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superficial leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are rare skin cancers (2\u20133% of cutaneous sarcomas) that originate from dermally located hair follicle muscles, dartos or areolar muscles (cutaneous\/dermal LMS), or from vascular muscle cells of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (subcutaneous LMS). These superficial LMS are distinct from LMS of the deep soft tissues. Leiomyosarcomas are typically localized at the lower extremities, trunk or capillitium, and present as painful, erythematous to brownish nodules. Diagnosis is made by histopathology. The treatment of choice for primary LMS is complete (R0) microscopically controlled excision, with safety margins of 1\u00a0cm in dermal LMS, and 2\u00a0cm in subcutaneous LMS, if possible. Non\u2010resectable or metastatic LMS require individual treatment decisions. After R0 resection with 1\u00a0cm safety margins, the local recurrence rate of dermal LMS is very low, and metastasis is very rare. Subcutaneous LMS, very large, or incompletely excised LMS recur and metastasize more frequently. For this reason, clinical follow\u2010up examinations are recommended every six months for cutaneous LMS, and every three months for subcutaneous LMS within the first two years (in subcutaneous LMS including locoregional lymph node sonography). Imaging such as CT\/MRI is indicated only in primary tumors with special features, recurrences, or already metastasized tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T10:24:30Z","timestamp":1680258270000},"page":"555-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["S1\u2010guideline cutaneous and subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Doris","family":"Helbig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital and Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology University Hospital Cologne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Dippel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Dermatology and Venereology Ludwigshafen Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Erdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Erlangen CCC Erlangen EMN  Erlangen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Frisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital and Clinic for Radiation Therapy University Hospital Leipzig"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Kage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology University Hospital Leipzig"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Leiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dermatooncology University Hospital for Dermatology Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mentzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MVZ Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen\/Bodensee  Friedrichshafen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital and Clinic for Radiation Therapy University Hospital Leipzig"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Weishaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases University Hospital M\u00fcnster"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Ziemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology University Hospital Leipzig"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Ugurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology University Hospital Essen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2015.2681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Cutaneous and subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma. A clinicopathologic study of 47 patients","volume":"9","author":"Dahl I","year":"1974","journal-title":"Pathol Eur"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810101)47:1<156::AID-CNCR2820470127>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2009.01405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31820e6093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860515)57:10<2077::AID-CNCR2820571033>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1996.tb00609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.121358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20186715"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.896718"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481302000408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03952.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001715"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13849"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199709000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13655"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199403000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200006000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D317V6N30V"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-1-180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.5.1679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910330108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1988.tb00533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000200009.02939.cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1991.tb01266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Cutaneous leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas: an immunohistochemical study with p53","volume":"51","author":"Fernandez\u2010Flores A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106689690401200106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90393-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2016.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-011-9428-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours: Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours 5th Ed. 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1996.tb01435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","volume-title":"TNM Klassifikation maligner Tumoren, 8. Auflage Deutschland","author":"Wittekind C","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40618-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctteJ BauerS BrodowiczT et\u00a0al.Weichgewebssarkome (maligne Weichteiltumoren) des Erwachsenen. Available from:https:\/\/www.onkopedia.com\/de\/onkopedia\/guidelines\/weichgewebssarkome\u2010maligne\u2010weichgewebstumoren\u2010des\u2010erwachsenen\/@@guideline\/html\/index.html. [accessed July 1 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-018-1196-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13249","article-title":"Cutaneous sarcomas","volume":"15","author":"Kohlmeyer J","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920715)70:2<490::AID-CNCR2820700218>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2016.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","unstructured":"Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft DK AWMF): S3\u2010Leitlinie Adulte Weichgewebesarkome Langversion Version 1.0 2021 AWMF\u2010Registernummer: 032\/044OL."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30622-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1315173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1987.5.6.840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.4734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60651-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.3781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.33.6107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.04.034"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","article-title":"Soft tissue and visceral sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow\u2010up","volume":"25","author":"The Esmo\/European Sarcoma Network Working Group","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"}],"container-title":["JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ddg.14989","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T02:18:15Z","timestamp":1692497895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ddg.14989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ddg.14989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.14989","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1610-0379","1610-0387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1610-0379","type":"print"},{"value":"1610-0387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}