{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:07:50Z","timestamp":1787731670477,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Deutsche Derma Gesell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory dermatosis most commonly characterized by changes in skin pigmentation and pruritus, with associated dyspareunia and genital architectural changes. There are a variety of complications associated with LS, which further worsen a patient's health\u2010related quality of life. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the literature regarding clinical features of LS, as well as LS\u2010associated complications. In total, 900 studies were included, which represented 17,011 clinical presentations and 2,795 complications of LS in women, and 5,745 clinical presentations and 769 complications of LS in men. In both sexes, the majority of reported cases (77% in females, 99% in males) localized to the genitals. In women, presentations were spread amongst loss of normal architecture (14%), pigmentary changes (21%) and pruritus (18%), whereas in men a greater portion of cases presented with architectural alterations (34%), as well as pigmentary changes (15%) and urogenital symptoms (15%). Other classes of LS\u2010associated presentations included textural changes, atrophy, pain\/burning\/discomfort, erosions\/ulcerations\/excoriations, bleeding\/bruising\/purpura, defecatory symptoms and bullae. A small portion of cases found in the literature presented with asymptomatic LS. LS\u2010associated complications included skin neoplasms, urogenital issues and sexual dysfunction, including dyspareunia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.15606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T10:22:14Z","timestamp":1735640534000},"page":"143-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical presentations and complications of lichen sclerosus: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8342-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santina","family":"Conte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Daraj","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yossi","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Yacovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Starkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahek","family":"Shergill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Providence Health Care Dermatology Mount Saint Joseph Hospital  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan V.","family":"Litvinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1058-9413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya","family":"Mukovozov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Toronto Dermatology Centre  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Lichen Sclerosus\u2010Presentation, Diagnosis and Management","volume":"113","author":"Kirtschig G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7480754"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-022-02397-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-020-01140-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-03030-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Lichen Sclerosus Support Network.My Lichen Sclerosus Diagnosis. 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