{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:11:15Z","timestamp":1784031075101,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Deutsche Derma Gesell"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitiligo is a depigmenting skin disorder in which oxidative stress plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. While air pollution exposure induces oxidative stress, its link to vitiligo remains unclear. This study assessed the impact of long\u2010term air pollution exposure on vitiligo risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included individuals enrolled in Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000) between 2003 and 2013. We collected air pollution exposure data from Taiwan's Environmental Protection Administration. Mean daily exposure levels of sulfur dioxide (SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) &lt;\u00a010\u00a0\u00b5m in diameter (PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      , nitrogen oxides (NO\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) over a ten\u2010year exposure period were calculated and linked for each individual. The dose\u2010response effect of air pollution exposure on vitiligo risk was assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study cohort comprised 748,388 individuals. 932 new cases of vitiligo were identified, with an incidence rate of 12.7 per 100,000 person\u2010year. Each standard deviation increase in mean daily exposure levels of SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, NO, and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with an increased risk of vitiligo of 27%, 99%, 59%, 98%, 74%, 64%, and 67%, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the association between air pollution exposure and vitiligo risk with a dose\u2010response relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.70349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:47:28Z","timestamp":1784029648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between exposure to air pollution and the risk of vitiligo: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Taipei Municipal Wan\u2010Fang Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chieh","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Taichung Veterans General Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Hsien","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Han","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Changhua Christian Hospital  Changhua Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Hsien","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Changhua Christian Hospital  Changhua Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post\u2010Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Jie","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun\u2010Jen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9729-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Pin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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