{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T20:36:24Z","timestamp":1774038984708,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,31]],"date-time":"2013-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastric intestinal metaplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>) is considered precancerous and is difficult to differentiate upon endoscopy. Endocytoscopy enables observation at a cellular level for focused biopsy. The present study examined the use of endocytoscopy for recognition of gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with a history of gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content> were recruited. We first carried out narrow band imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBI<\/jats:styled-content>) endoscopy to look for suspicious areas of gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>. A prototype endocytoscope with a magnification of 450\u00d7 was used to re\u2010examine these areas. Areas examined were biopsied for histological comparison. Presence of goblet cells was considered as representative of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content> upon endocytoscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients were recruited with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBI<\/jats:styled-content> demonstrating 102 suspicious lesions of gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>. Mean age of patients was 53.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097.6 years. Upon histology, 72 biopsies were confirmed as gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>, 15 showed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content> and low\u2010grade dysplasia, whereas 15were diagnosed as chronic gastritis. Endocytoscopy image quality was significantly better for areas of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content> as compared to gastritis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 21.7 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 4.5\u2013105.9]). The presence of goblet cells upon endocytoscopy achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 0.86 for gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>. Receiver operator characteristics curve achieved an area under curve of 0.8 with the presence of goblet cells under endocytoscopy as compared to 0.64 for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBI<\/jats:styled-content> alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Presence of goblet cells upon endocytoscopy indicates a diagnosis of gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>. Image quality of endocytoscopy, however, is suboptimal. Further developments in endocytoscopy should focus on image quality and staining methods to enhance differentiation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>, dysplasia and early gastric cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T03:02:46Z","timestamp":1364785366000},"page":"52-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Recognition of goblet cells upon endocytoscopy indicates the presence of gastric intestinal metaplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Philip Wai Yan","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enders Kwok Wai","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai Fai","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony Yuen Bun","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candice Chuen Hing","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis Ka Leung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph Jao Yiu","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James Yun Wong","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"International Association of Cancer Registry (IACR): GLOBOCAN2008.http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(03)00360-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.2.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"6735","article-title":"Human 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