{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:18:43Z","timestamp":1767651523256},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several clinical studies of prophylactic therapy for esophageal varices have led to the conclusion that prophylactic therapy is of no value, and it is generally not accepted in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern world. However, this is not the case in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan. The present study evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIS<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>) and risky esophageal varices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven patients with \u2018likely\u2010to\u2010bleed\u2019 esophageal varices concomitant with unresectable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content> were randomly allocated to two groups. Thirteen patients underwent prophylactic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIS<\/jats:styled-content> group), whereas the remaining 14 patients were observed conservatively (control group).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No bleeding from esophageal varices occurred in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIS<\/jats:styled-content> group during the entire period of this study, whereas in thecontrol group the cumulative bleeding rate was 44.8% in 6 months. Cumulative survival rates of patients in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIS<\/jats:styled-content> group and in the control group were 48.8% and 7.7% in 2 years, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in cumulative bleeding rate and survival rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study demonstrated that prophylactic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIS<\/jats:styled-content> could prolong the survival of the patients with esophageal varices concomitant with unresectable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>. Prophylactic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIS<\/jats:styled-content> for patients with unresectable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content> may be, in part, justified according to the present study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T10:12:42Z","timestamp":1368007962000},"page":"172-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Merits of prophylactic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices concomitant unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Prospective randomized study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Akahoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Science Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Departments of Disaster and Emergency Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morimasa","family":"Tomikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Science Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norifumi","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Science Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Disaster and Emergency Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Maehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Science Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90107-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90738-7","article-title":"Prophylactic sclerotherapy in high\u2010risk cirrhotics selected by endoscopic criteria. 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