{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:05:50Z","timestamp":1787501150395,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,16]],"date-time":"2017-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n Differential diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions is challenging. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of contrast\u2010enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (\n CH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and twenty\u2010five patients with localized gallbladder lesions were evaluated by\n CH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n between March 2007 and February 2014. This was a single\u2010center retrospective study.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Utilities of fundamental B\u2010mode\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n FB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n CH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the differentiation of gallbladder lesions and sludge plug were initially compared. Thereafter, these two examinations were compared with respect to their accuracy in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. Five reviewers blinded to the clinicopathological results evaluated microcirculation patterns in the vascular and perfusion images.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In the differentiation between gallbladder lesions and sludge plug,\n FB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 82%, 100%, and 95%, respectively, whereas\n CH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 99%, and 99%, respectively.\n FB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010based diagnosis of carcinomas based on tumor size and\/or shape had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 61\u201387%, 71\u201388%, and 74\u201386%, respectively. Additional information regarding irregular vessel patterns in the vascular image and\/or heterogeneous enhancement in the perfusion image on\n CH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n increased the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of carcinomas to 90%, 98%, and 96%, respectively. There was a significant difference between\n FB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n CH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n in terms of carcinoma diagnosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n CH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was useful for the evaluation of localized gallbladder lesions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T14:27:32Z","timestamp":1497968852000},"page":"98-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Contrast\u2010enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1568-0769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Kamata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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