{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T20:51:02Z","timestamp":1772052662654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H23\u2010NI\u2010045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H23\u2010NI\u2010045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although several drugs may induce small\u2010bowel mucosal injuries, it is unclear whether these injuries contribute to overt small\u2010bowel bleeding. This study was designed to evaluate the associations between drug use and small\u2010bowel mucosal injury and between these mucosal injuries and overt bleeding in a disease\u2010relevant population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively studied patients with suspected small\u2010bowel diseases who underwent capsule endoscopy between 2010 and 2013. Drug exposure, Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking, and alcohol consumption were assessed before capsule endoscopy. Adjusted odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content>) and confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) were estimated for small\u2010bowel mucosal injury and small\u2010bowel overt bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 850 patients were analyzed during the study period. Median age was 64\u00a0years, and 544 patients (64.0%) were men. Among the patients with small\u2010bowel mucosal injury (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a060) and without mucosal injury (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0705), use of non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.8, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.01\u20133.31) was significantly associated with an increased risk of small\u2010bowel mucosal injury compared with non\u2010use. Patients with small\u2010bowel mucosal injury with overt bleeding (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a085) and without overt bleeding (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a060) were compared, and no significant difference between the groups in the usage rates for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s, thienopyridine, other antiplatelets, anticoagulants, acetaminophen, tramadol hydrochloride, or steroids was revealed, even after adjusting for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s was significantly associated with an increased risk of small\u2010bowel mucosal injury, no significant associations were observed between the use of such drugs and small\u2010bowel overt bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T12:30:49Z","timestamp":1500381049000},"page":"79-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Associations between drugs and small\u2010bowel mucosal bleeding: Multicenter capsule\u2010endoscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ryota","family":"Niikura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4314-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuo","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo 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University of Tokyo Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1652-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiro","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy Hiroshima University Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiro","family":"Esaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo 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