{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T19:28:32Z","timestamp":1776886112138,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Esophageal achalasia is a rare chronic debilitating disorder characterized by incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LES<\/jats:styled-content>) relaxation and abnormal peristalsis as a result of myenteric plexus degeneration. Although complex interactions among immunity, viruses and inheritance have been proposed, its causes remain unknown. Micro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s (miRs) play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression during pathophysiological processes. Certain viruses such as herpes simplex virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSV<\/jats:styled-content>) encode miRs derived from their own genomes. To determine the underlying relationship of mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s to achalasia, we analyzed the expression profile of mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s using biopsy samples obtained from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LES<\/jats:styled-content> muscle during peroral endoscopic myotomy. Peroral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LES<\/jats:styled-content> muscle biopsy sampling was uneventfully carried out in our case series of achalasia. Control biopsy tissues were also obtained from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LES<\/jats:styled-content> muscle of patients without symptoms relating to abnormal esophageal motility whose esophagogastric junction was surgically excised. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was extracted from biopsy specimens and analyzed using a microarray. Differentially expressed mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s in achalasia patients compared to controls were identified and analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u2010derived hsv1\u2010miR\u2010H1 and \u2010H18 was significantly overexpressed in achalasia cohorts compared to controls. Correlations between the expression levels of viral miR and the patients\u2019 clinical characteristics including achalasia morphological type, dilatation grading, and disease duration were not identified. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to replicate the current heuristic identification of neurotropic viral miRs and unravel their functional significance in order to provide new insight linking neurodegenerative etiology in achalasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]],"date-time":"2019-07-20T07:43:49Z","timestamp":1563608629000},"page":"136-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identification of human herpes virus 1 encoded micro<scp>RNA<\/scp>s in biopsy samples of lower esophageal sphincter muscle during peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal achalasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Ikebuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Center Showa University Koto\u2010Toyusu Hospital Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Medicine and Clinical Science Department 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