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However, many issues remain unresolved. Many risk factors for PEP have been reported, and it is rare for patients undergoing ERCP to have only one risk factor. The use of artificial intelligence may be important for analyzing complex and diverse risk factors. It is desirable to develop an alternative test for pancreatic enzymes that can predict the onset of PEP within 1\u2009h after ERCP. The effectiveness of low\u2010dose nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are controversial. Nitrate and tacrolimus are considered medications that have additional effects on NSAIDs and may be used for the prevention of PEP. Pancreatic stent placement with deliberate placement of the guidewire into the pancreatic duct may be more effective in preventing PEP. A comparison between transpancreatic sphincterotomy with deliberate guidewire placement into the pancreatic duct and needle\u2010knife precut sphincterotomy is necessary. Early precutting is thought to be effective for the prevention of PEP, and the effectiveness of primary precut has been reported. However, the optimal timing of precut for the prevention of PEP has not been sufficiently discussed. Further research on prediction and prevention must be conducted to eliminate the mortality caused by PEP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T09:15:41Z","timestamp":1733390141000},"page":"362-372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Current status and issues for prediction and prevention of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1120-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hironari","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Okayama City Hospital  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tomoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Okayama City Hospital  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