{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T14:46:04Z","timestamp":1792507564828,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH101394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH101394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD047520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD047520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD059205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD059205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD057610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD057610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRL-0750340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRL-0750340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-0824162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-0824162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Developmental dyscalculia (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is marked by specific deficits in processing numerical and mathematical information despite normal intelligence (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and reading ability. We examined how brain circuits used by young children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    to solve simple addition and subtraction problems differ from those used by typically developing (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) children who were matched on age,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , reading ability, and working memory. Children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were slower and less accurate during problem solving than\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    children, and were especially impaired on their ability to solve subtraction problems. Children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    showed significantly greater activity in multiple parietal, occipito\u2010temporal and prefrontal cortex regions while solving addition and subtraction problems. Despite poorer performance during subtraction, children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    showed greater activity in multiple intra\u2010parietal sulcus (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and superior parietal lobule subdivisions in the dorsal posterior parietal cortex as well as fusiform gyrus in the ventral occipito\u2010temporal cortex. Critically, effective connectivity analyses revealed hyper\u2010connectivity, rather than reduced connectivity, between the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and multiple brain systems including the lateral fronto\u2010parietal and default mode networks in children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    during both addition and subtraction. These findings suggest the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and its functional circuits are a major locus of dysfunction during both addition and subtraction problem solving in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and that inappropriate task modulation and hyper\u2010connectivity, rather than under\u2010engagement and under\u2010connectivity, are the neural mechanisms underlying problem solving difficulties in children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . We discuss our findings in the broader context of multiple levels of analysis and performance issues inherent in neuroimaging studies of typical and atypical development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T05:57:26Z","timestamp":1407304646000},"page":"351-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Brain hyper\u2010connectivity and operation\u2010specific deficits during arithmetic problem solving in children with developmental dyscalculia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Miriam","family":"Rosenberg\u2010Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarit","family":"Ashkenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine USA"},{"name":"School of Education The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina B.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Northwestern University USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Geary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences University of Missouri USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program University of Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience Stanford University School of Medicine USA"},{"name":"Symbolic Systems Program Stanford University School of Medicine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.11.1820"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000183905.23396.f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0278\u20107393.4.5.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2011.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/016502597384857"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161\u20100045.1997.tb00536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0096\u20103445.130.2.299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20849"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290244000239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.43.6.1428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2011.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705843104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504136102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.2.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2000.2561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219410392046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2004.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/A0025398"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910390305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0135058100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","volume-title":"The long\u2010term costs of numeracy difficulties","author":"Hudson C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579402003073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20100965(03)00032\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744\u20109081\u20102\u201031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00134-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.2011.01608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0613"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00670-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194070400050901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","volume-title":"The condition of education 2007 (NCES 2007\u2013064)","author":"NCES","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0885625990140103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00400919710164125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","volume-title":"Working memory test battery for children","author":"Pickering S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00084-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/145737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2006.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4465\u201011.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00131880802082633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","volume-title":"The Wechsler Individual Achievement Test \u2014 Second Edition (WIAT\u2010II)","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","first-page":"212","volume-title":"Human behavior, learning, and the developing brain: Atypical development","author":"Wilson A.J.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-2-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","volume-title":"Woodcock\u2010Johnson III Tests of Achievement","author":"Woodcock R.W.","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Developmental Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdesc.12216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.12216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T08:58:39Z","timestamp":1696323519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/desc.12216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/desc.12216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.12216","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-755X","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-7687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]}}}