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Viewing our interlocutor and processing visual components of speech facilitates speech processing by triggering auditory processing. Auditory phoneme processing, analyzed by event\u2010related brain potentials (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERP<\/jats:styled-content>), has been shown to be associated with impairments in reading and spelling (i.e. developmental dyslexia), but visual aspects of phoneme processing have not been investigated in individuals with such deficits. The present study analyzed the passive visual Mismatch Response (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vMMR<\/jats:styled-content>) in school children with and without developmental dyslexia in response to video\u2010recorded mouth movements pronouncing syllables silently. Our results reveal that both groups of children showed processing of visual speech stimuli, but with different scalp distribution. Children without developmental dyslexia showed a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vMMR<\/jats:styled-content> with typical posterior distribution. In contrast, children with developmental dyslexia showed a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vMMR<\/jats:styled-content> with anterior distribution, which was even more pronounced in children with severe phonological deficits and very low spelling abilities. As anterior scalp distributions are typically reported for auditory speech processing, the anterior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vMMR<\/jats:styled-content> of children with developmental dyslexia might suggest an attempt to anticipate potentially upcoming auditory speech information in order to support phonological processing, which has been shown to be deficient in children with developmental dyslexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T07:41:03Z","timestamp":1445586063000},"page":"1020-1034","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Facial speech gestures: the relation between visual speech processing, phonological awareness, and developmental dyslexia in 10\u2010year\u2010olds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Gesa","family":"Schaadt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human 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