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Fifty\u2010nine infants were tested at 6 (<jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>15), 8 (<jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>17), 10 (<jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>14), and 12 (<jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>13) months. Three attention phases, stimulus orienting, sustained attention, and attention termination, were defined based on infants' heart rate changes. Frequency analysis using simultaneously recorded <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> focused on infant theta (2\u20136\u00a0Hz), alpha (6\u20139\u00a0Hz), and beta (9\u201314\u00a0Hz) rhythms. Cortical source analysis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> oscillations was conducted with realistic infant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> models. Theta synchronization was found over fontal pole, temporal, and parietal electrodes during infant sustained attention for 10 and 12\u00a0months. Alpha desynchronization was found over frontal, central and parietal electrodes during sustained attention. This alpha effect started to emerge at 10\u00a0months and became well established by 12\u00a0months. No difference was found for the beta rhythm between different attention phases. The theta synchronization effect was localized to the orbital frontal, temporal pole, and ventral temporal areas. The alpha desynchronization effect was localized to the brain regions composing the default mode network including the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex, and inferior parietal gyrus. The alpha desynchronization effect was also localized to the pre\u2010 and post\u2010central gyri. The present study demonstrates a connection between infant sustained attention and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> oscillatory activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T01:39:38Z","timestamp":1491442778000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Development of infant sustained attention and its relation to <scp>EEG<\/scp> oscillations: an <scp>EEG<\/scp> and cortical source analysis study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wanze","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Institute for Mind and Brain University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany M.","family":"Mallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound 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