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Understanding real\u2010world social motivation is of special importance during middle childhood (ages 8\u201312), a period when social skills improve, social networks grow, and social brain networks specialize. To assess interactive social motivation, the current study used a novel <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content> paradigm in which children believed they were chatting with a peer. The design targeted two phases of interaction: (1) Initiation, in which children engaged in a social bid via sharing a like or hobby, and (2) Reply, in which children received either an engaged (\u201cMe too\u201d) or non\u2010engaged (\u201cI'm away\u201d) reply from the peer. On control trials, children were told that their answers were not shared and that they would receive either engaged (\u201cMatched\u201d) or non\u2010engaged (\u201cDisconnected\u201d) replies from the computer. Results indicated that during Initiation and Reply, key components of reward circuitry (e.g., ventral striatum) were more active for the peer than the computer trials. In addition, during Reply, social cognitive regions were more activated by the peer, and this social cognitive specialization increased with age. Finally, the effect of engagement type on reward circuitry activation was larger for social than non\u2010social trials, indicating developmental sensitivity to social contingency. These findings demonstrate that both reward and social cognitive brain systems support real\u2010time social interaction in middle childhood. An interactive approach to understanding social reward has implications for clinical disorders, where social motivation is more affected in real\u2010world contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T01:52:42Z","timestamp":1501120362000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Let's chat: developmental neural bases of social motivation during real\u2010time peer interaction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3694-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine Rice","family":"Warnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Texas State University  San Marcos Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Sadikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland  College Park Maryland 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