{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:08:20Z","timestamp":1789578500600,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23ES026239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23ES026239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric reading disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>) is associated with an increased risk of anxiety symptoms, yet understudied are the neurobiological factors that might underlie anxiety in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>. Given the role of the amygdala in anxiety, we assessed resting state functional connectivity of amygdalar subregions in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> to identify functional correlates of anxiety and reading impairment. We collected resting state functional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> data from 22 children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> and 21 typically developing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TD<\/jats:styled-content>) children, ages 7 to 13 years. We assessed group differences in resting state functional connectivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSFC<\/jats:styled-content>) from amygdalar subregions. Associations of amygdalar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSFC<\/jats:styled-content> and volume with reading impairment, reading fluency scores, and anxiety symptoms were explored. Relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TD<\/jats:styled-content> children, those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> showed increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSFC<\/jats:styled-content> from amygdalar nuclei to medial prefrontal cortex. Across all subjects, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSFC<\/jats:styled-content> from right centromedial amygdala to left medial prefrontal cortex positively predicted both reading impairment and self\u2010reported anxiety, and anxiety mediated the relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSFC<\/jats:styled-content> and reading impairment. These findings are consistent with amygdalar functional abnormalities in pediatric anxiety disorders, suggesting a common neurobiological mechanism underlying anxiety and reading impairment in children. Thus, aberrant patterns of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSFC<\/jats:styled-content> from amygdalar subregions may serve as potential targets for the treatment of anxiety symptoms that typically co\u2010occur with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>. Our dimensional approach to studying anxiety in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> revealed how amygdalar connectivity underlies anxiety and reading impairment across a continuum from normal to abnormal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T03:32:43Z","timestamp":1510803163000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Amygdala sub\u2010regional functional connectivity predicts anxiety in children with reading disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Katie","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry the New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York"},{"name":"The College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons Columbia University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry the New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York"},{"name":"The College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons Columbia University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry the New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York"},{"name":"The College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons Columbia University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry the New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York"},{"name":"The College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons Columbia University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry the New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York"},{"name":"The College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons Columbia University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00353.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1266649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2009_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615809408248395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3446-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/chin.5.3.171.7335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0246-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-013847"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13587-014-0015-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"Hayes A.(2013).Introduction to mediation moderation and conditional process analysis: A regression\u2010based approach. 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