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However, poverty does not alter brain development directly, but acts through associated biological or psychosocial risk factors (e.g. malnutrition, family conflict). Yet few studies have investigated risk factors in the context of infant neurodevelopment, and none have done so in low\u2010resource settings such as Bangladesh, where children are exposed to multiple, severe biological and psychosocial hazards. In this feasibility and pilot study, usable resting\u2010state fMRI data were acquired in infants from extremely poor (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016) and (relatively) more affluent (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016) families in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Whole\u2010brain intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) was estimated using bilateral seeds in the amygdala, where iFC has shown susceptibility to early life stress, and in sensory areas, which have exhibited less susceptibility to early life hazards. Biological and psychosocial risk factors were examined for associations with iFC. Three resting\u2010state networks were identified in within\u2010group brain maps: medial temporal\/striatal, visual, and auditory networks. Infants from extremely poor families compared with those from more affluent families exhibited greater (i.e. less negative) iFC in precuneus for amygdala seeds; however, no group differences in iFC were observed for sensory area seeds. Height\u2010for\u2010age, a proxy for malnutrition\/infection, was not associated with amygdala\/precuneus iFC, whereas prenatal family conflict was positively correlated. Findings suggest that it is feasible to conduct infant fMRI studies in low\u2010resource settings. Challenges and practical steps for successful implementations are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T05:30:58Z","timestamp":1556083858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The relationship between biological and psychosocial risk factors and resting\u2010state functional connectivity in 2\u2010month\u2010old Bangladeshi infants: A feasibility and pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ted K.","family":"Turesky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.G.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapna","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"College of Education and Human Sciences University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle D.","family":"Sliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Brown University Providence Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borjan","family":"Gagoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sanfilippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilla","family":"Z\u00f6llei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. 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