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The main aim of the current study was to examine the role of visual form perception in arithmetic improvement through an 8\u2010day numerosity training for DD children. Eighty DD children were selected from four Chinese primary schools. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training on an apple\u2010collecting game, whereas the control group received an English dictation task. Children's cognitive and arithmetic performances were assessed before and after training. The results showed that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in arithmetic performance, approximate number system (ANS) acuity, and visual form perception, but not in spatial processing and sentence comprehension. The control group showed no significant improvement in any cognitive ability. Mediation analysis further showed that training\u2010related improvement in arithmetic performance was fully mediated by the improvement in visual form perception. The results suggest that short\u2010term numerosity training enhances the arithmetic performance of DD children by improving their visual form perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T04:55:32Z","timestamp":1570683332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Short\u2010term numerosity training promotes symbolic arithmetic in children with developmental dyscalculia: The mediating role of visual form perception"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dazhi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China"},{"name":"Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Teaching Department Beijing Chinese Language and Culture College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China"},{"name":"Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Education Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuansheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieying","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School Beijing Wuzi University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China"},{"name":"Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.12215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2018.1481068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2010.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2016.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613504966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Manual for kit of factor\u2010referenced cognitive tests","author":"Ekstrom R. 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