{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:46:34Z","timestamp":1776825994652,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HD070837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HD070837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Word learning is critical for the development of reading and language comprehension skills. Although previous studies have indicated that word learning is compromised in children with reading disability (RD) or developmental language disorder (DLD), it is less clear how word learning difficulties manifest in children with comorbid RD and DLD. Furthermore, it is unclear whether word learning deficits in RD or DLD include difficulties with offline consolidation of newly learned words. In the current study, we employed an artificial lexicon learning paradigm with an overnight design to investigate how typically developing (TD) children (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a025), children with only RD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a093), and children with both RD and DLD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a034) learned and remembered a set of phonologically similar pseudowords. Results showed that compared to TD children, children with RD exhibited: (i) slower growth in discrimination accuracy for cohort item pairs sharing an onset (e.g. <jats:italic>pibu<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>pibo<\/jats:italic>), but not for rhyming item pairs (e.g. <jats:italic>pibu<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>dibu<\/jats:italic>); and (ii) lower discrimination accuracy for both cohort and rhyme item pairs on Day 2, even when accounting for differences in Day 1 learning. Moreover, children with comorbid RD and DLD showed learning and retention deficits that extended to unrelated item pairs that were phonologically dissimilar (e.g. <jats:italic>pibu<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>tupa<\/jats:italic>), suggestive of broader impairments compared to children with only RD. These findings provide insights into the specific learning deficits underlying RD and DLD and motivate future research concerning how children use phonological similarity to guide the organization of new word knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T11:45:00Z","timestamp":1595331900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Is that a <i>pibu<\/i> or a <i>pibo<\/i>? Children with reading and language deficits show difficulties in learning and overnight consolidation of phonologically similar pseudowords"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2932-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey G.","family":"Malins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Haskins Laboratories New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2890-2519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haskins Laboratories New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5100-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayleigh","family":"Ryherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haskins Laboratories New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5625-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan C.","family":"Frijters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Child and Youth Studies Brock University St. Catharines ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0158-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James S.","family":"Magnuson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay G.","family":"Rueckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haskins Laboratories New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haskins Laboratories New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Linguistics Yale University New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Sevcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_LSHSS-DYSLC-18-0049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.1997.2558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TLD.0000437942.85989.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_LSHSS-VOIA-18-0138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-L-16-0036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/068)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2005.00376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2019.100674"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0998-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.494750"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2011.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219411410042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/096)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2005.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/10-0351)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Fast mapping in normal and language\u2010impaired children","volume":"52","author":"Dollaghan C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","volume-title":"Peabody picture vocabulary test","author":"Dunn L. M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4831076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01192","article-title":"Building phonetic categories: An argument for the role of sleep","volume":"5","author":"Earle S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2016.1265970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_JSLHR-L-14-0324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(03)00070-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","volume-title":"Test of narrative language","author":"Gillam R.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/101)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2018.1451533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12776"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(98)01186-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/08-0248)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31211-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2019.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193258500600604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2013.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747021818762669"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Dyslexia across languages: Orthography and the brain\u2010gene\u2010behavior link","author":"Magnuson J. S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.132.2.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2013.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0907-17.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1999.2525"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(86)90015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.102.3.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/12-0233)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(02)00179-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","volume-title":"Growth curve analysis and visualization using R","author":"Mirman D.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","volume-title":"Standardized reading inventory","author":"Newcomer P.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(90)90013-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888430701530730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470757642.ch13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","unstructured":"Powell M. J. D.(2009).The BOBYQA algorithm for bound constrained optimization without derivatives(pp.26\u201346). Cambridge NA Report NA2009\/06.Cambridge:University of Cambridge."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5501.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","volume-title":"Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals","author":"Semel E.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12639"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2407(08)60302-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.86.1.24"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Categorical and dimensional definitions and evaluations of symptoms of ADHD: History of the SNAP and the SWAN rating scales","volume":"10","author":"Swanson J. M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7777863"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15475440701377477"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3906.1284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","volume-title":"Test of word reading efficiency","author":"Torgesen J. K.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011555"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70276-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.191597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021789804977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1182-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","volume-title":"Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2016.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/028)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","volume-title":"Woodcock\u2010Johnson III tests of achievement","author":"Woodcock R. W.","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Developmental Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdesc.13023","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.13023","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/desc.13023","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.13023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T09:30:54Z","timestamp":1693647054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/desc.13023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/desc.13023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.13023","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-755X","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-7687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13023"}}