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The objective of the current study was to investigate individual differences in pre\u2010schoolers\u2019 VWM processing by examining the association between behaviour, brain function and parent\u2010reported measures related to the child's environment. We used a portable functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy system to record from the frontal and parietal cortices of 4.5\u2010year\u2010old children (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a074) as they completed a colour change\u2010detection VWM task in their homes. Parents were asked to fill in questionnaires on temperament, academic aspirations, home environment and life stress. Children were median\u2010split into a low\u2010performing (LP) and a high\u2010performing (HP) group based on the number of items they could successfully remember during the task. LPs increasingly activated channels in the left frontal and bilateral parietal cortices with increasing load, whereas HPs showed no difference in activation. Our findings suggest that LPs recruited more neural resources than HPs when their VWM capacity was challenged. We employed mediation analyses to examine the association between the difference in activation between the highest and lowest loads and variables from the questionnaires. The difference in activation between loads in the left parietal cortex partially mediated the association between parent\u2010reported stressful life events and VWM performance. Critically, our findings show that the association between VWM capacity, left parietal activation and indicators of life stress is important to understand the nature of individual differences in VWM in pre\u2010school children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T23:33:06Z","timestamp":1612308786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Home assessment of visual working memory in pre\u2010schoolers reveals associations between behaviour, brain activation and parent reports of life stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Courtney A.","family":"McKay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling 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