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Unfortunately, the vast majority of the work documenting this association has been conducted in high\u2010income countries. It is not yet known whether the mechanisms found to mediate this association would generalize to children in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries, where the risks of exposure to extreme poverty and a wide range of both biological and psychosocial hazards may be greater. We examined relations among early adversity, neural correlates of inhibitory control, and cognitive outcomes in 154 5\u2010year\u2010old children living in Dhaka, Bangladesh, an area with a high prevalence of poverty. Participants completed a go\/no\u2010go task assessing inhibitory control and their behavioral and event\u2010related potential responses were assessed. Cortical source analysis was performed. We collected measures of poverty, malnutrition, maternal mental health, psychosocial adversity, and cognitive skills. Supporting studies in high\u2010income countries, children in this sample exhibited a longer N2 latency and higher P3 amplitude to the no\u2010go versus go condition. Unexpectedly, children had a more pronounced N2 amplitude during go trials than no\u2010go trials. The N2 latency was related to their behavioral accuracy on the go\/no\u2010go task. The P3 mean amplitude, behavioral accuracy, and reaction time during the task were all associated with intelligence\u2010quotient (IQ) scores. Children who experienced higher levels of psychosocial adversity had lower accuracy on the task and lower IQ scores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T13:53:24Z","timestamp":1645538004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neural correlates of inhibitory control and associations with cognitive outcomes in Bangladeshi children exposed to early adversities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5949-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen F.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine Boston Children's Hospital  Boston USA"},{"name":"Harvard Graduate School of Education  Cambridge USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanze","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"PKU\u2010IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of South Carolina  Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of South Carolina  Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talat","family":"Shama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICDDR, B  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashidul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICDDR, B  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases &amp; International Health University of Virginia  Charlottesville USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine Boston Children's Hospital  Boston USA"},{"name":"Harvard Graduate School of Education  Cambridge USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Evaluation of an early childhood parenting programme in Rural Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"Aboud F. 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