{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:36:55Z","timestamp":1769168215436,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG\u20102017\u2010097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG\u20102017\u2010097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>When the illumination falling on a surface change, so does the reflected light. Despite this, adult observers are good at perceiving surfaces as relatively unchanging\u2014an ability termed colour constancy. Very few studies have investigated colour constancy in infants, and even fewer in children. Here we asked whether there is a difference in colour constancy between children and adults; what the developmental trajectory is between six and 11 years; and whether the pattern of constancy across illuminations and reflectances differs between adults and children. To this end, we developed a novel, child\u2010friendly computer\u2010based object selection task. In this, observers saw a dragon's favourite sweet under a neutral illumination and picked the matching sweet from an array of eight seen under a different illumination (blue, yellow, red, or green). This set contained a reflectance match (colour constant; perfect performance) and a tristimulus match (colour inconstant). We ran two experiments, with two\u2010dimensional scenes in one and three\u2010dimensional renderings in the other. Twenty\u2010six adults and 33 children took part in the first experiment; 26 adults and 40 children took part in the second. Children performed better than adults on this task, and their performance decreased with age in both experiments. We found differences across illuminations and sweets, but a similar pattern across both age groups. This unexpected finding might reflect a real decrease in colour constancy from childhood to adulthood, explained by developmental changes in the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms underpinning colour constancy, or differences in task strategies between children and adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Six\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010old children demonstrated better performance than adults on a colour constancy object selection task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Performance decreased with age over childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These findings may indicate development of cognitive strategies used to overcome automatic colour constancy mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T12:55:14Z","timestamp":1660049714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Developmental changes in colour constancy in a naturalistic object selection task"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Wedge\u2010Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Aston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrik","family":"Beierholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kentridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"},{"name":"Azrieli Programme in Brain, Mind &amp; Consciousnesses Canadian Institute for Advanced Research  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anya","family":"Hurlbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience, Institute of Biosciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Nardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Olkkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.3.001743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.8.000661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.20.2.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03342249"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"843","article-title":"Analysis of the macular pigment by hplc: Retinal distribution and age study","volume":"29","author":"Bone R. 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