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Later in life, it is moderately heritable and associated with mathematical abilities, but the etiology of the Approximate Number System (ANS) and its degree of independence from other cognitive abilities in infancy is unknown. Here, we assessed the phenotypic specificity as well as the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the ANS in a sample of 5\u2010month\u2010old twins (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0514). We found a small\u2010to\u2010moderate but statistically significant effect of genetic factors on ANS acuity (heritability\u00a0=\u00a00.18, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.33), but only when differences in numerosity were relatively large (1:4 ratio). Non\u2010verbal ability assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) was found to be heritable (0.47; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.57) and the phenotypic association between ANS acuity and non\u2010verbal ability performance was close to zero. Similarly, we found no association between ANS acuity and general attention during the task. An unexpected weak but statistically significant negative association between ANS acuity and scores on the receptive language scale of the MSEL was found. These results suggest that early ANS function may be largely independent from other aspects of non\u2010verbal development. Further, variability in ANS in infancy seems to, to some extent, reflect genotypic differences in the population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Assessing 514 infant twins with eye tracking, we found that infants' sense of approximate numerosity is heritable and not positively associated with concurrent attentional, cognitive or motor abilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results have implications for our understanding of development of mathematical ability and the link between cognitive abilities early in postnatal life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T17:56:40Z","timestamp":1668707800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Infants\u2019 sense of approximate numerosity: Heritability and link to other concurrent traits"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2727-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Viktorsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1326-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Lindskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala Child &amp; BabyLab, Department of Psychology Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital  Region Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristiina","family":"Tammimies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital  Region Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of Medical Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Ronald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terje","family":"Falck\u2010Ytter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2403_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2014.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2021.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067374"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195976"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20107687.2009.00948.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414\u2010020\u201002229\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Mullen scales of early learning","author":"Mullen E. 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