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However, the visual components of ID communication are also of fundamental importance for language learning: over the first year of life, infants\u2019 visual attention to caregivers\u2019 faces during ID <jats:italic>speech<\/jats:italic> switches from a focus on the eyes to a focus on the mouth, which provides synchronous visual cues that support speech and language development. Caregivers\u2019 facial displays during ID <jats:italic>song<\/jats:italic> are highly effective for sustaining infants\u2019 attention. Here we investigate if ID song specifically enhances infants\u2019 attention to caregivers\u2019 mouths. 299 typically developing infants watched clips of female actors engaging them with ID song and speech longitudinally at six time points from 3 to 12 months of age while eye\u2010tracking data was collected. Infants\u2019 mouth\u2010looking significantly increased over the first year of life with a significantly greater increase during ID song versus speech. This difference was early\u2010emerging (evident in the first 6\u00a0months of age) and sustained over the first year. Follow\u2010up analyses indicated specific properties inherent to ID song (e.g., slower tempo, reduced rhythmic variability) in part contribute to infants\u2019 increased mouth\u2010looking, with effects increasing with age. The exaggerated and expressive facial features that naturally accompany ID song may make it a particularly effective context for modulating infants\u2019 visual attention and supporting speech and language development in both typically developing infants and those with or at risk for communication challenges. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/SZ8xQW8h93A\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/SZ8xQW8h93A<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Infants\u2019 visual attention to adults\u2019 mouths during infant\u2010directed speech has been found to support speech and language development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Infant\u2010directed (ID) song promotes mouth\u2010looking by infants to a greater extent than does ID speech across the first year of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Features characteristic of ID song such as slower tempo, increased rhythmicity, increased audiovisual synchrony, and increased positive affect, all increase infants\u2019 attention to the mouth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The effects of song on infants\u2019 attention to the mouth are more prominent during the second half of the first year of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T09:23:29Z","timestamp":1671269009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Infant\u2010directed song potentiates infants\u2019 selective attention to adults\u2019 mouths over the first year of life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Alviar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manash","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marcus Autism Center Children's Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marcus Autism Center Children's Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marcus Autism Center Children's Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Klin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marcus Autism Center Children's Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4362-3032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Lense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"The Curb Center for Art Enterprise and Public Policy Vanderbilt University  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.36.2.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963\u20107214.2004.00283.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baltru\u0161aitis T. 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