{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:25:58Z","timestamp":1790886358411,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC012797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC012797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The hypothesis that impoverished language experience affects complex sentence structure development around the end of early childhood was tested using a fully randomized, sentence\u2010to\u2010picture matching study in American Sign Language (ASL). The participants were ASL signers who had impoverished or typical access to language in early childhood. Deaf signers whose access to language was highly impoverished in early childhood (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a011) primarily comprehended structures consisting of a single verb and argument (Subject or Object), agreeing verbs, and the spatial relation or path of semantic classifiers. They showed difficulty comprehending more complex sentence structures involving dual lexical arguments or multiple verbs. As predicted, participants with typical language access in early childhood, deaf native signers (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a017) or hearing second\u2010language learners (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a010), comprehended the range of 12 ASL sentence structures, independent of the subjective iconicity or frequency of the stimulus lexical items, or length of ASL experience and performance on non\u2010verbal cognitive tasks. The results show that language experience in early childhood is necessary for the development of complex syntax.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Previous research with deaf signers suggests an inflection point around the end of early childhood for sentence structure development.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Deaf signers who experienced impoverished language until the age of 9 or older comprehend several basic sentence structures but few complex structures.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Language experience in early childhood is necessary for the development of complex sentence structure.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T08:48:10Z","timestamp":1685522890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Impoverished language in early childhood affects the development of complex sentence structure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0819-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel I.","family":"Mayberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics University of California San Diego  La Jolla USA California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3481-9156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marla","family":"Hatrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics University of California San Diego  La Jolla USA California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Ilbasaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics University of California San Diego  La Jolla USA California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics University of California San Diego  La Jolla USA California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt L.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication Sciences and Disorders Temple University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400010912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/7.2.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/is.9.1.10aro"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"On the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon: Evidence from acquisition, aphasia and real\u2010time processing","volume":"12","author":"Bates E.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Sensitive period effects on the acquisition of language: A study of language development University of Conneticut. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Storrs, CN","author":"Berk S.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960500139363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674732469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010016\u20100742\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000918000417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215423120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511806698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Genie: A psycholinguistic study of a modern\u2010day\" wild child","author":"Curtiss S.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"UCLA working papers in linguistics","author":"Curtiss S.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511486531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sls.2018.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1166093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000911000535"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Language from gesture? Emergent transitivity marking in Nicaraguan Sign Language","author":"Flaherty M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203943267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6867713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1997.1943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195390032.013.0030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010017\u20101351\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gjgl.1454"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995\u2010020\u201002989\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","volume-title":"Language development","author":"Hoff E.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010\u20100285(02)00500\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2020.1823846"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Understanding language through sign language research","author":"Liddell S. K.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783112418260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010linguistics\u2010043020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"Peabody individual achievement test\u2010revised: PIAT\u2010R","author":"Markwardt F. C.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/minnesota\/9780816697243.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749\u2010596X(91)90018\u2010F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1366728917000724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-044854-2\/00854-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749\u2010596X(87)90119\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","unstructured":"Miles R. Hatrak M. &Mayberry R. I.(2022).How many arguments can homesigners handle when they learn ASL? Boston University Conference on Child Language Development BUCLD 47 Boston."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ling.2003.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1401_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2014.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Advances in the sign language development of deaf children","author":"Reilly J. S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400009632"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139163910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.2007.01004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","unstructured":"Semushina N. Keller M. &Mayberry R. I.(in review).Learning plural classifier constructions in ASL."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20109280.00359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109280.2007.01852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1127821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","volume-title":"Wechsler nonverbal scale of ability: WNV","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Language deprivation and deaf mental health","author":"Williams R. C.","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Developmental Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.13416","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.13416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:33:05Z","timestamp":1703291585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/desc.13416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/desc.13416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.13416","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-755X","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-7687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13416"}}