{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:16:35Z","timestamp":1791245795404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH125904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH125904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014208","name":"John and Polly Sparks Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014208","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006920","name":"University of Pennsylvania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007161","name":"Boston University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Attention to emotional signals conveyed by others is critical for gleaning information about potential social partners and the larger social context. Children appear to detect social threats (e.g., angry faces) faster than non\u2010threatening social signals (e.g., neutral faces). However, methods that rely on behavioral responses alone are limited in identifying different attentional processes involved in threat detection or responding. To address this question, we used a visual search paradigm to assess behavioral (i.e., reaction time to select a target image) and attentional (i.e., eye\u2010tracking fixations, saccadic shifts, and dwell time) responses in children (ages 7\u201310 years old, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a042) and adults (ages 18\u201323 years old, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a046). In doing so, we compared behavioral responding and attentional detection and engagement with threatening (i.e., angry and fearful faces) and non\u2010threatening (i.e., happy faces) social signals. Overall, children and adults were faster to detect social threats (i.e., angry faces), but spent a smaller proportion of time dwelling on them and had slower behavioral responses. Findings underscore the importance of combining different measures to parse differences between processing versus responding to social signals across development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Children and adults are <jats:italic>slower<\/jats:italic> to select angry faces when measured by time to mouse\u2010click but <jats:italic>faster<\/jats:italic> to detect angry faces when measured by time to first eye fixation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The use of eye\u2010tracking addresses some limitations of prior visual search tasks with children that rely on behavioral responses alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Results suggest shorter time to first fixation, but subsequently, shorter duration of dwell on social threat in children and adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T09:39:45Z","timestamp":1701855585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Social threat processing in adults and children: Faster orienting to, but shorter dwell time on, angry faces during visual search"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4754-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rista C.","family":"Plate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tralucia","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development University of Minnesota  Minneapolis 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