{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:57:15Z","timestamp":1782979035396,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hypoxia\u2010ischaemia (HI) can result in structural brain abnormalities, which in turn can lead to behavioural deficits in various cognitive and motor domains, in both adult and paediatric populations. Cardiorespiratory arrest (CA) is a major cause of hypoxia\u2010ischaemia in adults, but it is relatively rare in infants and children. While the effects of adult CA on brain and cognition have been widely studied, to date, there are no studies examining the neurodevelopmental outcome of children who suffered CA early in life. Here, we studied the long\u2010term outcome of 28 children who suffered early CA (i.e., before age 16). They were compared to a group of control participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a028) matched for age, sex and socio\u2010economic status. The patient group had impairments in the domains of memory, language and academic attainment (measured using standardised tests). Individual scores within the impaired range were most commonly found within the memory domain (79%), followed by academic attainment (50%), and language (36%). The patient group also had reduced whole brain grey matter volume, and reduced volume and fractional anisotropy of the white matter. In addition, lower performance on memory tests was correlated with bilaterally reduced volume of the hippocampi, thalami, and striatum, while lower attainment scores were correlated with bilateral reduction of fractional anisotropy in the superior cerebellar peduncle, the main output tract of the cerebellum. We conclude that patients who suffered early CA are at risk of developing specific cognitive deficits associated with structural brain abnormalities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Our data shed light on the long\u2010term outcome and associated neural mechanisms after paediatric hypoxia\u2010ischaemia as a result of cardiorespiratory arrest.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Patients had impaired scores on memory, language and academic attainment.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Memory impairments were associated with smaller hippocampi, thalami, and striatum.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Lower academic attainment correlated with reduced fractional anisotropy of the superior cerebellar peduncle.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T03:10:35Z","timestamp":1711941035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cognitive outcome and its neural correlates after cardiorespiratory arrest in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1476-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Geva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurosciences University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4760-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aparna","family":"Hoskote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Division Institute of Cardiovascular Science Great Ormond Street Hospital London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0970-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maneet","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurosciences University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8237-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurosciences University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Great Ormond Street Hospital  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4335-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. 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Kling","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurosciences University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5724-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Baldeweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurosciences University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5063-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurosciences University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4890-8379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faraneh","family":"Vargha\u2010Khadem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurosciences University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"},{"name":"Neuropsychology Service Great Ormond Street Hospital  London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99002034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008326"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710001633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13413"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.105.3.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079\u20107421(06)46001\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001275"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736\u20104679(90)90166\u2010S"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Bishop D. 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