{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T22:19:51Z","timestamp":1766269191977,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Blind adults display language\u2010specificity in their packaging and ordering of events in speech. These differences affect the representation of events in <jats:italic>co\u2010speech gesture<\/jats:italic>\u2013gesturing with speech\u2013but not in <jats:italic>silent gesture\u2013<\/jats:italic>gesturing without speech. Here we examine when in development blind children begin to show adult\u2010like patterns in co\u2010speech and silent gesture. We studied speech and gestures produced by 30 blind and 30 sighted children learning Turkish, equally divided into 3 age groups: 5\u20136, 7\u20138, 9\u201310 years. The children were asked to describe three\u2010dimensional spatial event scenes (e.g., running out of a house) first with speech, and then without speech using only their hands. We focused on physical motion events, which, in blind adults, elicit cross\u2010linguistic differences in speech and co\u2010speech gesture, but cross\u2010linguistic similarities in silent gesture. Our results showed an effect of language on gesture when it was accompanied by speech (co\u2010speech gesture), but <jats:italic>not<\/jats:italic> when it was used without speech (silent gesture) across both blind and sighted learners. The language\u2010specific co\u2010speech gesture pattern for both packaging and ordering semantic elements was present at the earliest ages we tested the blind and sighted children. The silent gesture pattern appeared later for blind children than sighted children for both packaging and ordering. Our findings highlight gesture as a robust and integral aspect of the language acquisition process at the early ages and provide insight into when language does and does <jats:italic>not<\/jats:italic> have an effect on gesture, even in blind children who lack visual access to gesture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Gestures, when produced with speech (i.e., co\u2010speech gesture), follow language\u2010specific patterns in event representation in both blind and sighted children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Gestures, when produced without speech (i.e., silent gesture), do not follow the language\u2010specific patterns in event representation in both blind and sighted children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Language\u2010specific patterns in speech and co\u2010speech gestures are observable at the same time in blind and sighted children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The cross\u2010linguistic similarities in silent gestures begin slightly later in blind children than in sighted children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T10:48:28Z","timestamp":1713350908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is vision necessary for the timely acquisition of language\u2010specific patterns in co\u2010speech gesture and their lack in silent gesture?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7896-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eeyda","family":"\u00d6z\u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ch\u00e9","family":"Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology SPARK Neuro, Inc  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Goldin\u2010Meadow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2019.0030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2005.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000900006000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014272379301303703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000900012721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2010.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000914000415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511519802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2021.104608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Language development: Vol. 2, Language, thought and culture","author":"Gentner D.","year":"1982"},{"volume-title":"Hearing gesture: How our hands help us think","year":"2003","author":"Goldin\u2010Meadow S.","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1074-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12379"},{"volume-title":"Thinking with your hands","year":"2023","author":"Goldin\u2010Meadow S.","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710060105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Goodrich B. 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