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Although influential developmental and neurocognitive theories propose that caregiver\u2010infant interactions play an important role in infants\u2019 self\u2010development, little is known about the specific mechanisms involved. Some theories highlight the importance of caregiver sensitivity and touch, while others propose that caregiver contingency plays a central role. The study aimed to investigate infants\u2019 self\u2010perception by measuring brain activation in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a region previously associated with self\u2010related processing. A total of 118 mother\u2010infant dyads participated in a free\u2010play interaction, during which maternal sensitivity and touch were measured. Additionally, a face\u2010to\u2010face interaction was conducted to measure maternal contingency. Infants' brain activation was measured using functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). They watched a video of their own face while being stroked by a brush on the cheek. The video was either live and the stroking was synchronous to the video (contingent) or the video was delayed by 3 s, which made the stroking asynchronous (non\u2010contingent). The results showed that infants exhibited more HbO\u2010activation in the right pSTS in the non\u2010contingent condition. Importantly, the more sensitive the mothers were and the more they touched infants during free play, the less differential activation the infants showed in response to both conditions. This effect was driven by infants showing less activation to the non\u2010contingent condition when their mothers exhibited more care, maybe because of a smaller prediction error for non\u2010contingent self\u2010related multisensory information. Overall, the study deepens our knowledge of how early social interactions relate to the emergence of the self in infancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T09:34:07Z","timestamp":1742290447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maternal Interaction Relates to Neural Processing of Self\u2010Related Multisensory Information in 5\u2010Month\u2010Olds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7830-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina\u2010Alisa","family":"Kollakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"LMU Munich, Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN)  Planegg 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