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To address this gap, the current study utilized electroencephalogram (EEG) to examine the neural responses of 4\u2010 to 12\u2010year\u2010old children to the misfortunes and fortunes of prosocial and antisocial individuals (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 73). When observing the experiences of prosocial individuals, children exhibited a greater amplitude of parietal P3, an indicator of top\u2010down allocated attention, to misfortunes compared to fortunes. This difference disappeared when observing the experiences of antisocial individuals. Additionally, children displayed stronger mu suppression, indicating neural mirroring, toward prosocial individuals than antisocial individuals while observing their experiences. The current findings suggest that children allocate more attention resources to the experiences, especially misfortunes, of prosocial individuals than antisocial individuals. These findings deepened our understanding of how children react to others\u2019 experiences based on others\u2019 moral behaviors from a neural perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T03:23:51Z","timestamp":1747365831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Children's Neural Processing of the Misfortunes and Fortunes of Prosocial and Antisocial Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois 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