{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:10:18Z","timestamp":1790172618745,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC2025\u20102026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2025\u20102026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Vision is considered the dominant sense for spatial perception. Yet, how vision contributes to its refinement in other modalities remains unclear. Consequently, we investigated the development of audio\u2010tactile spatial integration using a localization task in which participants had to determine the position of auditory, tactile, and audio\u2010tactile stimuli and the influence of visual experience in this process. We tested sighted and blind children at different ages. We found that in sighted children, tactile spatial perception stabilizes earlier than the auditory one, and optimal audio\u2010tactile integration is achieved only after 12 years\u2010of\u2010age. Conversely, blind children showed higher uni\u2010sensory precisions from a younger age, although multisensory performance exhibited minimal improvement through age. Overall, our findings suggest that optimal audio\u2010tactile spatial integration develops late during childhood and that vision might play a pivotal role in this process, that is, the absence of vision prompts earlier development of other sensory modalities when processing bodily stimuli.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Sighted children achieve optimal audio\u2010tactile spatial integration only after 12 years, aligning bimodal precision with MLE predictions in adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Blind children show superior early uni\u2010modal sensory localization precision compared to sighted peers.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Tactile precision stabilizes earlier than auditory in sighted children, whereas blind children show the opposite developmental trajectory for localization.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:26:17Z","timestamp":1763130377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Development of Audio\u2010Tactile Spatial Integration: Unraveling Vision's Contribution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0317-2599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Tonelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Visually Impaired People (U\u2010VIP) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"School of Psychology The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3237-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Senna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Liverpool Hope University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9601-0187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Bianca","family":"Amadeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Visually Impaired People (U\u2010VIP) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Setti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Visually Impaired People (U\u2010VIP) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8525-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Domenici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Visually Impaired People (U\u2010VIP) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Signorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurophthalmology Unit IRCCS Mondino Foundation  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Cocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione David Chiossone  Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Giammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. 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