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McDonnell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS 1941449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS 1941449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>How infants spend time in everyday life is an important source of day\u2010to\u2010day, infant\u2010to\u2010infant, and age\u2010related variability in development. Here, we measured the frequency of macro\u2010level activity categories\u2014playing, eating and drinking, napping, going on errands, bathing and dressing, watching media, book reading, and being comforted\u2014in infants aged 4\u20137 and 10\u201313 months recruited from across the United States (55% female assigned at birth; 40% male assigned at birth; 5% unknown). Unlike past work that used retrospective estimates, we used an ecological momentary assessment sampling method to obtain direct reports of activities from infants\u2019 caregivers via text\u2010message surveys. The resulting data illustrate that play is the most frequent activity within the first year, accounting for half of infants\u2019 waking time. Other frequent activities, such as mealtimes and errands, contribute significantly to how infants spend their time. Older infants spend more time playing and eating\/drinking and less time napping and being comforted than younger infants. Importantly, different macro\u2010level activities facilitate or constrain infants' moment\u2010to\u2010moment behaviors, such as holding objects, sitting, and standing, suggesting that the composition of infants\u2019 daily routines shapes opportunities for perceptual\u2010motor learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T09:15:59Z","timestamp":1768209359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Infants\u2019 Daily Routines Shape Opportunities for Perceptual\u2010Motor Exploration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-2864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M.","family":"Franchak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California  Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9349-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juelle","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California  Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1857-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin M.","family":"Fausey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aylin","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California  Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2214.2001.00186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2025.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612446346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Quarto","author":"Allaire J. 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