{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:19:18Z","timestamp":1783023558295,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P51\u2010OD011106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51\u2010OD011106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P51\u2010RR000167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51\u2010RR000167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50\u2010MH100031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50\u2010MH100031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010MH046729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010MH046729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010MH081884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010MH081884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anxious temperament (AT) is a nonhuman primate phenotype that models childhood behavioral inhibition, a prominent risk factor for anxiety disorders and stress\u2010related psychopathology. To understand its earliest antecedents, we characterized AT's developmental trajectory over the first year of life. Infant monkeys (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 35, 24 females) were longitudinally phenotyped for AT by assessing threat\u2010related increases in freezing behavior, reductions in coo\u2010calling, and increases in circulating cortisol at 1.5, 6, 12, 24, and 52 weeks. AT levels increased linearly, reaching mature levels by 52 weeks. Individual differences in AT, and its components, were stable across development. These findings support further studies during early primate life aimed to uncover neurobiological factors mediating development of this phenotype, which in humans is linked to stress\u2010related psychopathology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Anxious temperament (AT) or behavioral inhibition (BI), a trait\u2010like characteristic in humans associated with later development of anxiety\u2010related psychopathology, is evident during earliest weeks of primate life.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Developmental patterns of AT and its components (threat\u2010related freezing, reductions in cooing, increases in plasma cortisol) across the first year of primate life are presented.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Individual differences in AT and its behavioral and hormonal components are relatively stable across the first year of life, reaching maturity by one year.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T13:52:32Z","timestamp":1769003552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Development of Trait Anxiety in Nonhuman Primates During the First Year of Life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Puralewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nakul","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Oler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick H.","family":"Roseboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison School 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