{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:18:55Z","timestamp":1783023535135,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005972","name":"Williams College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Our hands rarely lie still while we talk. Some hand movements, like washing dishes or other household tasks, are often unrelated to what we express in speech. Other hand movements, known as gestures, are deeply integrated with verbal communication. Past research with adults has found strong temporal synchrony between speech and gesture, particularly as compared to speech and action. This evidence supports the claim that speech and gesture emerge from a single integrated system and suggests that gestures hold a unique status in communication compared to other kinds of hand movements. However, the developmental unfolding of this tight temporal integration is unknown. In this cross\u2010sectional study, we directly measure the speech\u2010gesture production system in childhood. In a within\u2010subjects design, adults (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 35;\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 19.94 years; range = 18\u201325 years) and children (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 68;\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 8.38 years; range = 5\u201312 years) were asked to verbally describe how they use household objects while producing either gestures or communicative actions. Speech onset, action onset, and gesture onset were coded to determine the difference in onset between speech and movement (action or gesture). Results indicate that speech and gesture were produced in closer temporal synchrony than speech and action across all ages tested, showing remarkable stability in speech\u2010gesture temporal relations over development. This lack of any notable developmental change in temporal synchrony between speech and gesture is consistent with the theory that speech and gesture emerged phylogenetically as an integrated cognitive system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:28:43Z","timestamp":1772994523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Speech and Gesture in Sync: Investigating Temporal Integration Across Childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Eliza L.","family":"Congdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Williams College  Williamstown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam A.","family":"Novack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan Sierra","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Loyola University Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Tumminaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Loyola University Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Loyola University Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"The Acquisition of Performatives Prior to Speech","volume":"21","author":"Bates E.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Merrill\u2010Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/lia.8.1.03car"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1772644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01690965.2013.857783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/14669-019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511620539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2010.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000918000144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/gest.8.2.03gul"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956\u20107976.2005.01542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010014\u20100681\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960802586188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.3.841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal About Thought","author":"McNeill D.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010016\u20101145\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/gs.4.14ozc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.2023.R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. In R Foundation for Statistical Computing.https:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rice M. L. F.Smolik D.Perpich T.Thompson N.Rytting andM.Blossom.2010.Mean Length of Utterance Levels in 6\u2010Month Intervals for Children 3 to 9 Years With and Without Language Impairments.","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/08-0183)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2013.794777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12817"}],"container-title":["Developmental Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.70153","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/desc.70153","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.70153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:41:06Z","timestamp":1783021266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/desc.70153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/desc.70153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.70153","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-755X","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-7687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70153"}}