{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:20:08Z","timestamp":1783088408520,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prosodic characteristics of a native language greatly influence early language acquisition. Yet, Japanese mothers are known to use a specific prosodic structure in infant\u2010directed vocabulary (IDV)\u2014specifically, three\u2010mora, two\u2010syllable words with a heavy\u2010light pattern\u2014which, crucially, differs from the standard prosodic rhythm of adult vocabulary. This study used near\u2010infrared spectroscopy to examine hemodynamic responses to the Japanese IDV form in 5\u2010month\u2010old (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a031) and 9\u2010month\u2010old (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a034) Japanese infants, targeting the period before and during the emergence of this preference. The results revealed that oxygenated hemoglobin was greater for the IDV form than for the non\u2010IDV form in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) for both age groups, consistent with the advantage of the IDV form observed in previous behavioral studies. Furthermore, this effect was localized to the left middle and left posterior STG in 5\u2010 and 9\u2010month\u2010old infants, respectively, highlighting early sensitivity to its prosodic structure followed by the emergence of phonological representation. This cortical shift, along with an observed trend toward adult\u2010like patterns, may suggest a broader transition from perceptually accessible IDV structures to the more diverse patterns of standard adult vocabulary. Although 5\u2010month\u2010old infants who have not yet exhibited a preference for the IDV form may not have developed specific phonological representations, their brains' ability to process its prosodic pattern could serve as a foundation for subsequent learning. These findings demonstrate that the specific structure of Japanese IDV acts as a foundational scaffold, guiding the transition from initial prosodic tuning to mature word\u2010level processing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early sensitivity to prosodic structure was observed in 5\u2010month\u2010old Japanese infants.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Emerging phonological representation was observed in 9\u2010month\u2010old Japanese infants.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Japanese infant\u2010directed vocabulary form serves as a prosodic template.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:18:02Z","timestamp":1778152682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemodynamic Responses to Word Forms in Japanese Infant\u2010Directed Vocabulary in 5\u2010 and 9\u2010Month\u2010Old Infants: Early Sensitivity to Prosodic Structure and Emergence of Prosodic Representations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoritaka","family":"Akimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information &amp; Management Systems Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology  Niigata Japan"},{"name":"RIKEN Center for Brain Science  Wako Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1281-9982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miki","family":"Takahasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Brain Science  Wako Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Yamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Brain Science  Wako Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0152-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel Ka\u2010Ying","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Brain Science  Wako Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Research and Support of Educational Practice Tokyo Gakugei University  Koganei Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7862-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiko","family":"Mazuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Brain Science  Wako Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Neuroscience Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910\u2010017\u20100764\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2505_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885\u20102308(87)90004\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.14.1.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00715"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01890"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00157"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806530105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u2010818X.2008.00089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721415595345"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","unstructured":"Hayashi A. andR.Mazuka.2010. \u201cInfants' Speech Perception Between 5\u2010and 13\u2010Months: Developmental Change in Word Segmentation Abilities.\u201d InProceedings of the Auditory Research Meeting Sponsored by the Technical Committee of Psychological and Physiological Acoustics 40 no.6:525\u2013530."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000259"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03214363"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.364"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"A Multifactor Model of Infant Preferences for Novel and Familiar Stimuli","volume":"5","author":"Hunter M. 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P.Chandrashekhariah andG.Spina.2011. \u201cFamiliarity\u2010to\u2010Novelty Shift Driven by Learning: A Conceptual and Computational Model.\u201d In2011 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL) Vol.2 1\u20136.IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/DEVLRN.2011.6037314"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2021.104711"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327078in1101_2"}],"container-title":["Developmental Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.70214","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/desc.70214","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/desc.70214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:29:34Z","timestamp":1783085374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/desc.70214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/desc.70214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.70214","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-755X","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-7687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70214"}}