{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:21:12Z","timestamp":1791890472450,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Growing up in the United States means developing within a context shaped by structural racism. There is, however, substantial variation in how families talk (or do not talk) about it. The present study examined naturalistic parent\u2013child conversations about social inequality and race. Conversations were collected remotely from 124 children (ages 4\u20138; 16% Asian, 20% Black, 13% multiracial, 14% Latine, 35% white, 2% unspecified; 57% female, 42% male, 1% other) and their parents from across the United States. When explicitly prompted to discuss race, families from different racial backgrounds addressed similar topics, including antiracist messages, social disparities, and fairness. However, they differed in how these messages were expressed: Black families used more specific (vs. generic) references to race, whereas non\u2010Black families of color used more generic (vs. specific) references (with white families falling in between). Importantly, the form of these messages\u2014but not their content\u2014predicted white children's anti\u2010Black racial biases. These findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>how<\/jats:italic>\n                      families reference race may be an important and overlooked contributor to the development of racial bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Naturalistic conversations about race and inequality\u00a0were collected from 124 parent\u2010child dyads; children aged 4\u20138 years old.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Families who used more generic (vs. specific)\u00a0references to race had children with more anti\u2010Black attitudes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Results highlight the importance of parent\u2010child conversations about race in preventing the formation of racial biases during early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:47:56Z","timestamp":1779968876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beyond What Is Said: Generic Language in Parent\u2013Child Conversations and Children's Racial Bias"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1927-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias C.","family":"Britton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California\u2010 Santa 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