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In a longitudinal study of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 133 mother\u2013child dyads, we examined whether children's attachment\u2010related behavioral patterns at age 3 were associated with functional connectivity during the viewing of attachment\u2010related video clips. We further tested whether mother\u2013child behavioral synchrony observed at ages 1 and 3 predicted children's functional connectivity. Neural activity was measured using functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), targeting the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Attachment\u2010related behaviors were assessed through a structured observational procedure and rated using the Brief Attachment Screening Questionnaire (BASQ), and mother\u2013child synchrony was coded using the Dyadic Interaction Coding (DIC) system. Children in the BASQ\u2010derived insecure group exhibited greater intra\u2010hemispheric connectivity, whereas those in secure group showed stronger inter\u2010hemispheric connectivity. Mother\u2013child synchrony at ages 1 and 3 did not independently predict later neural connectivity. Instead, mother\u2013child synchrony at age 3 moderated the association between synchrony at age 1 and connectivity at age 3: synchrony at age 1 predicted reduced intra\u2010hemispheric MTG connectivity only when synchrony at age 3 was high. These findings suggest that sustained mother\u2013child synchrony may contribute to the functional organization of neural systems supporting attachment\u2010related processing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T09:51:30Z","timestamp":1783331490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Longitudinal Role of Mother\u2013Child Synchrony in Predicting Functional Connectivity in Early Childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology Capital Normal University  Beijing P.R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0040-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0178-804X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology Capital Normal University  Beijing P.R. 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