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We designed a visual search screening test, consisting of finding the (unique) black circle among circles combined with a bar of various length and location (black symbols) versus among circles of various colors. The temporal Gap between these symbol and color search conditions was previously validated as a significant visuo\u2010attentional contributor of reading between ages 8 and 11, predicting its performance with moderate sensitivity, as reading difficulty is multifactorial, but high specificity. Here, we established its good positive predictive value in a longitudinal study with the same children being screened in kindergarten (at 3, 4, or 5\u00a0years old) and later assessed for reading performance at the second semester of third grade (at 8\u00a0years old). We also assessed 4 and\/or 5 years old children with the knowledge of letter names, the early reading of classmates\u2019 first names and of small frequent words. The visual search screening test predicted future reading performance with lower correlation strength but as early as 3 years old, providing more lead time for specific preventive educational or clinical intervention during kindergarten in a subgroup whose pathological visual search performance at Age 3 was associated with a 5.7 times greater likelihood of later reading difficulties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:47:40Z","timestamp":1784782060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Visual Attention to Literacy: Symbol Search Deficit Predicts Future Reading Difficulties From Age 3"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Audrey","family":"Vialatte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyon Neuroscience Research Center INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University  Bron Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chabanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyon Neuroscience Research Center INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University  Bron Cedex France"},{"name":"Institut des Sciences et Techniques de R\u00e9adaptation Claude Bernard, Lyon1 University  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Emmanuel","family":"Aguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyon Neuroscience Research Center INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University  Bron Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9055-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes","family":"Witko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences et Techniques de R\u00e9adaptation Claude Bernard, Lyon1 University  Lyon France"},{"name":"Laboratoire Dynamique du language CNRS UMR 5596, Universit\u00e9 Lumi\u00e8re Lyon2  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Pisella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyon Neuroscience Research Center INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University  Bron Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1999.2540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201015119\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Approche Cognitive de L'apprentissage de la Langue \u00c9crite","author":"Bosse M.\u2010L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2008.01387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1996.82.3c.1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010\u20100277(93)90003\u2010e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Stages of Reading Development","author":"Chall J. 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