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Numerous studies have shown relations between children's scientific reasoning and certain metacognitive capacities, particularly 6\u2010 to 10\u2010year\u2010olds\u2019 developing theory of mind. Several recent studies suggest, however, that nascent scientific reasoning capacities emerge during the preschool years. The present study examined relations between children's developing representational and advanced theory of mind with their scientific reasoning using a longitudinal design. At 4\u2010, 5.5\u2010, and 7.5\u2010years\u2010old children received age\u2010appropriate measures of scientific reasoning, theory of mind, executive function, and language ability. Performance on the theory of mind measures at each age related to children's scientific reasoning. Performance on representational theory of mind measures at 4\u2010years\u2010old also predicted children's scientific reasoning later in development, both directly at 5.5\u2010years\u2010old and indirectly through performance on more advanced theory of mind measures at 7.5\u2010years\u2010old. These relations held controlling for the measures of executive function and language ability, which also related to children's scientific reasoning. These findings point to the onset of representational theory of mind as being vital to the origins of children's scientific reasoning. As children's representational capacities develop during the preschool and early elementary\u2010school years, children's scientific reasoning capacities become more advanced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:51:31Z","timestamp":1787658691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Relations Between Representational and Advanced Theory of Mind and Scientific Reasoning From Ages 4 to 7"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6954-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Sobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences Brown University  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4993-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zg\u00fcn","family":"K\u00f6ksal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich  Munich Bavaria Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Osterhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Vechta  Vechta Lower Saxony Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6116-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April Moeller","family":"Bachhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich  Munich Bavaria Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1844-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beate","family":"Sodian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich  Munich Bavaria Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.35.5.1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109507.1993.tb00014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"38","volume-title":"Individual Development From 3 to 12: Findings From the Munich Longitudinal Study","author":"Bullock M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.1996.tb01821.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108624.00333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108624.00081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/026151010\u00d7496906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.97.2.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429326899"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TLD.0000000000000037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2020.100909"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flavell J. 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