{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:15:19Z","timestamp":1790356519656,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developing World Bioethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the past two decades, Iran has experienced a noteworthy growth in its biomedical research sector. At the same time, ethical concerns and debates resulting from this burgeoning enterprise has led to increasing attention paid to biomedical ethics. In Iran, Biomedical research ethics and research oversight passed through major periods during the past decades, separated by a paradigm shift. Period 1, starting from the early 1970s, is characterized by research paternalism and complete reliance on researchers as virtuous and caring physicians. This approach was in concordance with the paternalistic clinical practice of physicians outside of research settings during the same period. Period 2, starting from the late 1990s, was partly due to revealing of ethical flaws that occurred in biomedical research in Iran. The regulatory and funding bodies concluded that it was not sufficient to rely solely on the personal and professional virtues of researchers to safeguard human subjects' rights and welfare. The necessity for independent oversight, emphasized by international declarations, became obvious and undeniable. This paradigm shift led to the establishment of research ethics committees throughout the country, the establishment of academic research centers focusing on medical ethics (MEHR) and the compilation of the first set of national ethical guidelines on biomedical research\u2013one of the first and most important projects conducted by and in the MEHR. Although not yet arrived, \u2018period 3\u2019 is on its way. It is predictable from the obvious trends toward performance of high\u2010quality clinical research and the appearance of a highly educated new generation, especially among women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dewb.12053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T07:44:44Z","timestamp":1397202284000},"page":"107-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Brief History of Biomedical Research Ethics in Iran: Conflict of Paradigms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kiarash","family":"Aramesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195168655.003.0023","volume-title":"The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics","author":"Emanuel E.J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"History of Medical sciences in Iran","volume":"7","author":"Pourahmad J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69403-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"A Bibliometric Overview of 30 Years of Medical Sciences Productivity in Iran","volume":"13","author":"Mohammadhassanzadeh H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"D.MacKenzie.2010.Iran showing fastest scientific growth of any country.New Scientist (Science in Society). Available at:http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn18546\u2010iran\u2010showing\u2010fastest\u2010scientific\u2010growth\u2010of\u2010any\u2010country.html[Accessed 19 March 2014]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265160601109697"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"A two\u2010decade Review of Medical Ethics in Iran","volume":"38","author":"Zahedi F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iranian J Publ Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196606162742405"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Medical Ethics in Clinical Trial: A research on Research Dissertations in the form of Clinical Trial Conducted in Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [in Persian]","volume":"17","author":"Larijani B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scientific Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265160701588196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8847.2006.00180.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8847.2006.00145.x"}],"container-title":["Developing World Bioethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdewb.12053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dewb.12053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T20:58:43Z","timestamp":1716670723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dewb.12053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dewb.12053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dewb.12053","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-8731","1471-8847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-8731","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-8847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]]}}}