{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T19:06:22Z","timestamp":1789239982704,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developing World Bioethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anaesthesia waste gases (AWGs) represent a significant yet often overlooked contributor to healthcare's environmental footprint, with implications extending beyond ecological concerns to encompass occupational hazards and complex ethical considerations. This article examines the intersection of AWGs and bioethics through the framework of environmental stewardship, occupational health principles, patient\u2010centered care, and distributive justice. Contemporary volatile anaesthetics possess global warming potentials thousands of times greater than carbon dioxide, while implicated occupational exposures raise concerns about reproductive health and neurological function among healthcare workers. The bioethical paradigms of principalism\u2014encompassing nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and justice\u2014and environmental ethics provide structured approaches to addressing these multifaceted challenges. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding AWGs' environmental and occupational impacts, evaluates emerging mitigation strategies, and proposes an integrated ethical framework to guide clinical practice, institutional policy, and professional standards in anaesthesiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dewb.12489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T14:53:31Z","timestamp":1749999211000},"page":"138-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anaesthesia Waste Gases and Bioethics: Balancing Patient Care, Environmental Responsibility, and Occupational Safety"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2991-7595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shibu","family":"Sasidharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Emergency Medicine Base Hospital Delhi Cantt New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5956-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harpreet","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32290-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31824f6940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab19e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp2077598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139161848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14321\/j.ctvhrd1wq"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30162-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL062785"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Volatile Anaesthetics: A Multi\u2010Center Cross\u2010Sectional Study in Indian Tertiary Care Hospitals","volume":"66","author":"Gadre V.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Anaesthesia and Environmental Sustainability: A Nationwide Survey of Indian Anaesthesiologists on Knowledge and Practice Patterns","volume":"39","author":"Chakravarthy M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01540-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181e058d7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"\u201cHealth Care's Climate Footprint: How the Health Sector Contributes to the Global Climate Crisis and Opportunities for Action \u201d Health Care Without Harm 2019 https:\/\/noharm-global.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents-files\/5961\/HealthCaresClimateFootprint_092319.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60935-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Global Bioethics: Building on the Leopold Legacy","author":"Potter V. 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