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Here, we found a high motility state of the sperm in the newt <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ynops pyrrhogaster<\/jats:italic>. It was predominantly caused in egg jelly extract (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JE<\/jats:styled-content>) and characterized by a high wave velocity of the undulating membrane (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UM<\/jats:styled-content>) that was significantly higher at the posterior midpiece. An insemination assay suggested that the high motility state might be needed for sperm to penetrate the egg jelly, which is the accumulated oviductal matrix. Specific characteristics of the high motility state were completely abrogated by a high concentration of verapamil, which blocks the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010type and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010type voltage\u2010dependent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content>s). Mibefradil, a dominant blocker of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content>s, suppressed the wave of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UM<\/jats:styled-content> at the posterior midpiece with separate wave propagation from both the anterior midpiece and the posterior principal piece. In addition, nitrendipine, a dominant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content> blocker, weakened the wave of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UM,<\/jats:styled-content> especially in the anterior midpiece. Live <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> imaging showed that, compared with the intact sperm in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JE<\/jats:styled-content>, the relative intracellular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> level changed especially in the anterior and posterior ends of the midpiece of the blocker\u2010treated sperm. These suggest that different types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels mediate the intracellular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> level predominantly in the anterior and posterior ends of the midpiece to maintain the high motility state of the newt sperm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]],"date-time":"2013-08-26T04:15:10Z","timestamp":1377490510000},"page":"657-667","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Distinct <scp>C<\/scp>a<sup>2+<\/sup> channels maintain a high motility state of the sperm that may be needed for penetration of egg jelly of the newt, <i><scp>C<\/scp>ynops pyrrhogaster<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Tomoe","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1\u20104\u201012 Kojirakawa Yamagata 990\u20108560 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Kutsuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1\u20104\u201012 Kojirakawa Yamagata 990\u20108560 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kogiku","family":"Shiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shimoda Marine Research Center University of Tsukuba 5\u201010\u20101 Shimoda Shizuoka 415\u20100025 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Takayama\u2010Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Arts and Sciences Yamagata University 1\u20104\u201012 Kojirakawa Yamagata 990\u20108560 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shimoda Marine Research Center University of Tsukuba 5\u201010\u20101 Shimoda Shizuoka 415\u20100025 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1\u20104\u201012 Kojirakawa Yamagata 990\u20108560 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of the T\u2010type Ca2+ current of mouse spermatogenic cells","volume":"53","author":"Arnoult C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. 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