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Although developmental programs for the neck musculoskeletal system have attracted the attention of evolutionary developmental biologists, how the heart, shoulder and surrounding tissues are modified during development has remained unclear. Here we show, through observation of the lateral plate mesoderm at cranial somite levels in chicken\u2013quail chimeras, that the deep part of the lateral body wall is moved concomitant with the caudal transposition of the heart, resulting in the infolding of the expanded cervical lateral body wall into the thorax. Judging from the brachial plexus pattern, an equivalent infolding also appears to take place in mammalian and turtle embryos. In mammals, this infolding process is particularly important because it separates the diaphragm from the shoulder muscle mass. In turtles, the expansion of the cervical lateral body wall affects morphogenesis of the shoulder. Our findings highlight the cellular expansion in developing amniote necks that incidentally brought about the novel adaptive traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1446090562000},"page":"143-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Expansion of the neck reconstituted the shoulder\u2013diaphragm in amniote evolution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Hirasawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory RIKEN 2\u20102\u20103 Minatojima\u2010minami, Chuo\u2010ku Kobe 650\u20100047 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory RIKEN 2\u20102\u20103 Minatojima\u2010minami, Chuo\u2010ku Kobe 650\u20100047 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kuratani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory RIKEN 2\u20102\u20103 Minatojima\u2010minami, Chuo\u2010ku Kobe 650\u20100047 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970616)382:4<459::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Origine des centures scapulaires et pelviennes chez l'embryon d'oiseau","volume":"42","author":"Chevallier A.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. 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