{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:36:31Z","timestamp":1773776191091,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["15H04300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H04300"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["15K10647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K10647"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["15K15403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K15403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Growth Differ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Murine reproductive tissues of the external genitalia and perineum develop with remarkably distinctive characteristics in males and females. Although many researches on such mouse organ development have been reported, there are still limited parameters that evaluate the developmental sexual differences of external genitalia and perineum. Furthermore, elucidation of the recent developmental signals for the external genitalia and perineum requires up\u2010to\u2010date knowledge of gene functions in reproductive science. To promote researches on reproductive organ formation, establishment of parameters for the androgen\u2010mediated formation of external genitalia and perineum is essential. In this study, we propose genital sex differentiation parameters (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSDP<\/jats:styled-content>), a set of developmental parameters based on systematic three\u2010dimensional tissue reconstruction and cumulative histological analyses. We define the sexual differences of external genitalia and perineum by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSDP<\/jats:styled-content> through analyzing mouse models, androgen inhibitor\u2010induced feminization experiments and <jats:italic>Mafb<\/jats:italic> mutant mouse with defective urethral differentiation. The urethral parameters displayed prominent reduction by the androgen inhibitor (finasteride) treatment. However, genital tubercle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content>) size parameters were not affected by such treatment. These results indicated that sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone was different between embryonic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content> size and urethral formation. Furthermore, we evaluated the extent of urethral defects of <jats:italic>Mafb<\/jats:italic> mutant mice by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSDP<\/jats:styled-content>. Thus, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSDP<\/jats:styled-content> is a set of useful parameters to define the sexual differences during external genitalia and perineum development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T08:14:45Z","timestamp":1450080885000},"page":"639-647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Systematic analyses of murine masculinization processes based on genital sex differentiation parameters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine Wakayama Medical University 811\u20101 Kimiidera Wakayama 641\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine Wakayama Medical University 811\u20101 Kimiidera Wakayama 641\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine Wakayama Medical University 811\u20101 Kimiidera Wakayama 641\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.2.658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.024034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420420505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(91)90003-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2460"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.117903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-5-2434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.3.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.21.4241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2471"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.029587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007024726889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410100464"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.058958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.09.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2009.00239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.6.1387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00001-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00600-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00555.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)00107-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"2995","volume-title":"Campbell\u2010Walsh Urology","author":"Park J. 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